महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-140, verse-16

ब्रूयाः कर्ण इतो गत्वा द्रोणं शांतनवं कृपम् ।
सौम्योऽयं वर्तते मासः सुप्रापयवसेन्धनः ॥१६॥

16. brūyāḥ karṇa ito gatvā droṇaṁ śāṁtanavaṁ kṛpam ,
saumyo'yaṁ vartate māsaḥ suprāpayavasendhanaḥ.

16. brūyāḥ karṇa itaḥ gatvā droṇam śāntanavam kṛpam
saumyaḥ ayam vartate māsaḥ suprāpayavasendhanaḥ

16. karṇa,
itaḥ gatvā droṇam śāntanavam kṛpam (ca) brūyāḥ: ayam saumyaḥ māsaḥ vartate,
(yaḥ) suprāpayavasendhanaḥ (asti).

16. Go from here, Karṇa, and tell Droṇa, Bhīṣma (Śāntanava), and Kṛpa: "This gentle month is present, which is rich in easily available fodder and fuel,"

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you (Karṇa) should tell (you should speak/tell)

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa

• इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (name of a revered teacher and warrior) (Droṇa)

• शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhīṣma (son of Śāntanu) (Bhīṣma)

• कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kṛpa (name of a warrior and teacher) (Kṛpa)

• सौम्यः (saumyaḥ) - mild, pleasant (referring to the month) (gentle, mild, pleasant)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (month) (this)

• वर्तते (vartate) - is present, is ongoing (is, exists, happens, is present)

• मासः (māsaḥ) - month

• सुप्रापयवसेन्धनः (suprāpayavasendhanaḥ) - having easily available fodder and fuel

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you (Karṇa) should tell (you should speak/tell)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Optative Mood, Second Person Singular

From root brū (class 2, P).

Root: brū (class 2)

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior, son of Sūrya and Kuntī)

इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas indicating origin

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root gam (class 1, P) with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverb, indicating a preceding action.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (name of a revered teacher and warrior) (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a revered teacher of archery, preceptor of Kauravas and Pandavas)

शान्तनवम् (śāntanavam) - Bhīṣma (son of Śāntanu) (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śāntanu; Bhīṣma

Derived from Śāntanu (as a patronymic)

कृपम् (kṛpam) - Kṛpa (name of a warrior and teacher) (Kṛpa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (a warrior and teacher, brother-in-law of Droṇa)

सौम्यः (saumyaḥ) - mild, pleasant (referring to the month) (gentle, mild, pleasant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - relating to Soma or the moon; gentle, mild, placid, benevolent, auspicious

अयम् (ayam) - this (month) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to māsaḥ.

वर्तते (vartate) - is present, is ongoing (is, exists, happens, is present)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Tense, Third Person Singular, Middle Voice

From root vṛt (class 1, A).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

मासः (māsaḥ) - month

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month, moon

सुप्रापयवसेन्धनः (suprāpayavasendhanaḥ) - having easily available fodder and fuel

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suprāpayavasendhana

suprāpayavasendhana - having easily obtainable grass/fodder and fuel

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (suprāpa+yavasa+indhana)

• suprāpa – easily obtainable, easy to get
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  su (good/easy) + prāpa (obtainable, from pra-āp)
  Prefix: su
  Root: āp (class 5)
• yavasa – grass, fodder
  noun (neuter)
• indhana – fuel, firewood
  noun (neuter)
  Root: indh (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'māsaḥ'.