महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-140, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
कर्णस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा केशवः परवीरहा ।
उवाच प्रहसन्वाक्यं स्मितपूर्वमिदं तदा ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
karṇasya vacanaṁ śrutvā keśavaḥ paravīrahā ,
uvāca prahasanvākyaṁ smitapūrvamidaṁ tadā.

1. sañjaya uvāca karṇasya vacanam śrutvā keśavaḥ
paravīrahā uvāca prahasan vākyam smitapūrvam idam tadā

1. sañjaya uvāca tadā karṇasya vacanam śrutvā paravīrahā
keśavaḥ prahasan smitapūrvam idam vākyam uvāca

1. Sañjaya said: Having heard Karṇa's words, Keśava, the slayer of hostile heroes, then, smiling gently (prahasan), spoke these words that were preceded by a smile (smitapūrvam).

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (the narrator) (Sanjaya (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karṇa (of Karna)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech (word, speech, utterance, statement)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (Krishna) (Keshava, a name of Vishnu/Krishna)

• परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - slayer of hostile heroes (an epithet for Krishna) (slayer of hostile heroes/enemies)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling gently (laughing, smiling, mocking)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, sentence, statement)

• स्मितपूर्वम् (smitapūrvam) - preceded by a smile (preceded by a smile, with a smile, smilingly)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time (then, at that time, at that moment)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (the narrator) (Sanjaya (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya, victorious, triumphant

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

2nd conjugation, Parasmaipada, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karṇa (of Karna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior); ear

वचनम् (vacanam) - words, speech (word, speech, utterance, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, utterance, statement

derived from root √vac 'to speak'

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

5th conjugation, Parasmaipada, absolutive (ktvā)

Root: śru (class 5)

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (Krishna) (Keshava, a name of Vishnu/Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - having beautiful hair; slayer of the demon Keśī; a name of Vishnu/Krishna

परवीरहा (paravīrahā) - slayer of hostile heroes (an epithet for Krishna) (slayer of hostile heroes/enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paravīrahan

paravīrahan - slayer of hostile heroes

from para 'enemy' + vīra 'hero' + han 'slayer'

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+vīra+han)

• para – other, alien, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
• vīra – hero, warrior, valiant
  noun (masculine)
• han – slayer, killer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from √han 'to strike, kill'
  Root: han (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

2nd conjugation, Parasmaipada, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - smiling gently (laughing, smiling, mocking)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pra-has

has - to laugh, to smile

present active participle

1st conjugation, Parasmaipada, present participle, prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Modifies Keśavaḥ.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, sentence, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

derived from vāc 'speech'

स्मितपूर्वम् (smitapūrvam) - preceded by a smile (preceded by a smile, with a smile, smilingly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of smitapūrva

smitapūrva - preceded by a smile, accompanied by a smile

Compound type : bahuvrihi (smita+pūrva)

• smita – smile, smiling, smiled
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle (root smi)
  derived from root √smi 'to smile'
  Root: smi (class 1)
• pūrva – before, prior, former, preceded by
  adjective

Note: Used adjectivally with vākyam, or adverbially.

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Modifies vākyam.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time (then, at that time, at that moment)

(indeclinable)