महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-105, verse-1

नारद उवाच ।
एवमुक्तस्तदा तेन विश्वामित्रेण धीमता ।
नास्ते न शेते नाहारं कुरुते गालवस्तदा ॥१॥

1. nārada uvāca ,
evamuktastadā tena viśvāmitreṇa dhīmatā ,
nāste na śete nāhāraṁ kurute gālavastadā.

1. nārada uvāca evam uktaḥ tadā tena viśvāmitreṇa
dhīmatā na āste na śete na āhāram kurute gālavaḥ tadā

1. Nārada said: Thus spoken to by the intelligent Viśvāmitra, Gālava then neither sat, nor slept, nor took food.

Words meanings summery:

• नारद (nārada) - Nārada

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, told

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तेन (tena) - by him

• विश्वामित्रेण (viśvāmitreṇa) - by Viśvāmitra

• धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the intelligent one, by the wise one

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• आस्ते (āste) - sits, is, remains

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• शेते (śete) - lies down, sleeps

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• आहारम् (āhāram) - food, meal, eating

• कुरुते (kurute) - does, makes, performs

• गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

नारद (nārada) - Nārada

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (name of a divine sage)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice

Root vac, Perfect 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Standard reporting verb.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative adverb.

Note: Adverb modifying 'spoken'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, told

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak) + kta suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Gālava.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from demonstrative pronoun tad.

Note: Adverb of time.

तेन (tena) - by him

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Instrumental singular masculine/neuter of tad.

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'uktaḥ'.

विश्वामित्रेण (viśvāmitreṇa) - by Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a famous sage)

Compound of viśva (all) + mitra (friend).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universe
  adjective (masculine)
• mitra – friend, companion, sun (deity)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mid (class 4)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'uktaḥ'.

धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the intelligent one, by the wise one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, thoughtful, sagacious

Possessive adjective formed with -mat suffix from dhī (intellect).

Note: Qualifies Viśvāmitra.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the following verb.

आस्ते (āste) - sits, is, remains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Present Tense, Middle Voice

Root ās, 2nd class verb (adādi), middle voice, present 3rd person singular.

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Refers to Gālava.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the following verb.

शेते (śete) - lies down, sleeps

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present Tense, Middle Voice

Root śī, 2nd class verb (adādi), middle voice, present 3rd person singular.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Refers to Gālava.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the following noun and verb.

आहारम् (āhāram) - food, meal, eating

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āhāra

āhāra - food, nourishment, eating, meal

From prefix ā- + root hṛ (to seize, carry) + ghañ suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'kurute'.

कुरुते (kurute) - does, makes, performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Tense, Middle Voice

Root kṛ, 8th class verb (tanādi), middle voice, present 3rd person singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to Gālava. 'na āhāram kurute' means 'does not take food'.

गालवः (gālavaḥ) - Gālava

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from demonstrative pronoun tad.

Note: Adverb of time.