महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-57, verse-6

उपप्लवन्त वित्रस्ता रथेभ्यो रथिनस्तदा ।
सादिनश्चाश्वपृष्ठेभ्यो भूमौ चापि पदातयः ॥६॥

6. upaplavanta vitrastā rathebhyo rathinastadā ,
sādinaścāśvapṛṣṭhebhyo bhūmau cāpi padātayaḥ.

6. upaplavanta vitrastāḥ rathebhyaḥ rathinaḥ tadā
sādinaḥ ca aśvapṛṣṭhebhyah bhūmau ca api padātayaḥ

6. Then, terrified, the chariot-warriors jumped from their chariots, the cavalrymen from their horses' backs, and even the foot soldiers (fell) to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• उपप्लवन्त (upaplavanta) - they jumped down (they jumped, they rushed, they fled)

• वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified (terrified, frightened)

• रथेभ्यः (rathebhyaḥ) - from their chariots (from chariots)

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - chariot-warriors (chariot-warriors, charioteers)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - cavalrymen (cavalrymen, horsemen)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अश्वपृष्ठेभ्यह् (aśvapṛṣṭhebhyah) - from horses' backs (from horsebacks)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the ground, to the ground, on the earth)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

• पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - infantrymen (infantrymen, foot soldiers)

Words meanings and morphology

उपप्लवन्त (upaplavanta) - they jumped down (they jumped, they rushed, they fled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upaplu

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Augmented past tense of 'plu' with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'rathinaḥ', 'sādinaḥ', 'padātayaḥ'.

वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified (terrified, frightened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitrasta

vitrasta - terrified, frightened, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'vi' + root 'tras' (to tremble, be afraid) + kta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rathinaḥ', 'sādinaḥ', 'padātayaḥ'.

रथेभ्यः (rathebhyaḥ) - from their chariots (from chariots)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Root: ram

Note: Indicates the source from which they jumped.

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - chariot-warriors (chariot-warriors, charioteers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - chariot-warrior, charioteer, possessor of a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) + -in suffix.

Note: One of the subjects of 'upaplavanta'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb from pronominal base 'tad'.

सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - cavalrymen (cavalrymen, horsemen)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - rider, horseman, cavalryman, one who sits

From root 'sad' (to sit) + -in suffix.

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'upaplavanta'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अश्वपृष्ठेभ्यह् (aśvapṛṣṭhebhyah) - from horses' backs (from horsebacks)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of aśvapṛṣṭha

aśvapṛṣṭha - horseback, back of a horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+pṛṣṭha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the source from which they jumped.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the ground, to the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Root: bhū

Note: Locative of place, indicating destination with verbs of motion.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - infantrymen (infantrymen, foot soldiers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padāti

padāti - infantryman, foot soldier, pedestrian

Root: pad

Note: One of the subjects of 'upaplavanta'.