महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-57, verse-11

कुण्डलोष्णीषधारीणि जातरूपस्रजानि च ।
पतितानि स्म दृश्यन्ते शिरांसि रणमूर्धनि ॥११॥

11. kuṇḍaloṣṇīṣadhārīṇi jātarūpasrajāni ca ,
patitāni sma dṛśyante śirāṁsi raṇamūrdhani.

11. kuṇḍaloṣṇīṣadhārīṇi jātarūpasrajāni ca
patitāni sma dṛśyante śirāṃsi raṇamūrdhani

11. Heads, adorned with earrings and turbans, and wearing golden garlands, are indeed seen fallen on the battlefield.

Words meanings summery:

• कुण्डलोष्णीषधारीणि (kuṇḍaloṣṇīṣadhārīṇi) - wearing earrings and turbans

• जातरूपस्रजानि (jātarūpasrajāni) - adorned with golden garlands

• च (ca) - and

• पतितानि (patitāni) - fallen

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (used to turn present tense into past)

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear

• शिरांसि (śirāṁsi) - heads

• रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - on the battlefield, at the forefront of the battle

Words meanings and morphology

कुण्डलोष्णीषधारीणि (kuṇḍaloṣṇīṣadhārīṇi) - wearing earrings and turbans

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kuṇḍaloṣṇīṣadhārin

kuṇḍaloṣṇīṣadhārin - wearing earrings and turbans

Compound adjective, formed from 'kuṇḍala' (earring), 'uṣṇīṣa' (turban), and 'dhārin' (wearing).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kuṇḍala+uṣṇīṣa+dhārin)

• kuṇḍala – earring
  noun (neuter)
• uṣṇīṣa – turban, headband
  noun (masculine)
• dhārin – wearing, holding, bearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'dhṛ' (to wear, hold) with 'ṇini' suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'śirāṃsi'.

जातरूपस्रजानि (jātarūpasrajāni) - adorned with golden garlands

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of jātarūpasraj

jātarūpasraj - adorned with golden garlands

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'jātarūpa' (gold) and 'sraj' (garland). Literally, 'having golden garlands'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jātarūpa+sraj)

• jātarūpa – gold
  noun (neuter)
• sraj – garland, wreath
  noun (feminine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'śirāṃsi'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पतितानि (patitāni) - fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, degraded

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall) with 'kta' suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifying 'śirāṃsi'.

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (used to turn present tense into past)

(indeclinable)

Note: Turns the present tense verb 'dṛśyante' into past tense ('were seen').

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Middle Passive

Root 'dṛś' (class 1, Parasmaipada), passive voice formation.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'śirāṃsi'.

शिरांसि (śirāṁsi) - heads

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śiras

śiras - head

n-stem.

Note: Subject of the verb 'dṛśyante'.

रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - on the battlefield, at the forefront of the battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇamūrdhan

raṇamūrdhan - battlefield, forefront of battle (literally, 'head of battle')

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'raṇa' (battle) and 'mūrdhan' (head, summit).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+mūrdhan)

• raṇa – battle, fight
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• mūrdhan – head, summit, forefront
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative of place.