महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-57, verse-5

त्वरमाणः शरानस्यन्पाण्डवः स बभौ रणे ।
मध्यंदिनगतोऽर्चिष्माञ्शरदीव दिवाकरः ॥५॥

5. tvaramāṇaḥ śarānasyanpāṇḍavaḥ sa babhau raṇe ,
madhyaṁdinagato'rciṣmāñśaradīva divākaraḥ.

5. tvaramāṇaḥ śarān asyan pāṇḍavaḥ saḥ babhau raṇe
madhyaṃdinagataḥ arciṣmān śaradi iva divākaraḥ

5. That Pāṇḍava, quickly shooting arrows in battle, shone like the radiant sun at midday in autumn.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - quickly (hastening, hurrying)

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• अस्यन् (asyan) - shooting (shooting, throwing)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) (the son of Pāṇḍu, Arjuna)

• सः (saḥ) - that (that, he)

• बभौ (babhau) - shone (shone, appeared, became visible)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• मध्यंदिनगतः (madhyaṁdinagataḥ) - at midday (reached midday, at midday)

• अर्चिष्मान् (arciṣmān) - radiant (radiant, shining)

• शरदि (śaradi) - in autumn

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (the sun, maker of day)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - quickly (hastening, hurrying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hastening, hurrying, active

Present Middle Participle

From root 'tvar' (to hasten) + present middle participle suffix.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'pāṇḍavaḥ'.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'asyan'.

अस्यन् (asyan) - shooting (shooting, throwing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asyat

asyat - throwing, casting, shooting

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to throw, shoot) + present active participle suffix.

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'pāṇḍavaḥ'.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - the Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) (the son of Pāṇḍu, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva)

Derived from Pāṇḍu + aṇ suffix.

Note: Subject of 'babhau'.

सः (saḥ) - that (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'pāṇḍavaḥ'.

बभौ (babhau) - shone (shone, appeared, became visible)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhā

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root reduplication for perfect tense.

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

मध्यंदिनगतः (madhyaṁdinagataḥ) - at midday (reached midday, at midday)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhyaṃdinagata

madhyaṁdinagata - reached midday, at midday, at noon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhyaṃdina+gata)

• madhyaṃdina – midday, noon
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, reached, arrived
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'divākaraḥ'.

अर्चिष्मान् (arciṣmān) - radiant (radiant, shining)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arciṣmat

arciṣmat - radiant, shining, fiery, luminous

Derived from 'arcis' (ray, flame) + matup suffix.

Note: Modifies 'divākaraḥ'.

शरदि (śaradi) - in autumn

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śarad

śarad - autumn, a year

Note: Locative of time.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (the sun, maker of day)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun, maker of day

Formed from 'divā' (by day) + 'kara' (maker).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, daily
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, doing, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + suffix '-a'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The object of comparison for Arjuna.