महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-57, verse-16

वित्रासयित्वा तत्सैन्यं द्रावयित्वा महारथान् ।
अर्जुनो जयतां श्रेष्ठः पर्यवर्तत भारत ॥१६॥

16. vitrāsayitvā tatsainyaṁ drāvayitvā mahārathān ,
arjuno jayatāṁ śreṣṭhaḥ paryavartata bhārata.

16. vitrāsayitvā tat sainyam drāvayitvā mahārathān
arjunaḥ jayatām śreṣṭhaḥ paryavartata bhārata

16. Having terrified that army and put the great charioteers to flight, Arjuna, the foremost among conquerors, turned back, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• वित्रासयित्वा (vitrāsayitvā) - having caused to terrify, having put to flight

• तत् (tat) - that specific army (that, this)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the enemy army (army, host)

• द्रावयित्वा (drāvayitvā) - having caused to flee, having routed

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers, great warriors

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• जयताम् (jayatām) - of the victorious ones, among the conquerors

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost, most excellent

• पर्यवर्तत (paryavartata) - returned, revolved, turned back

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (or Sañjaya) (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

वित्रासयित्वा (vitrāsayitvā) - having caused to terrify, having put to flight

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) of causative verb

Derived from the causative stem of root 'tras' with prefix 'vi-' and absolutive suffix 'tvā'.

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that specific army (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'sainyam'.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the enemy army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - an army, host, military

Note: Object of 'vitrāsayitvā'.

द्रावयित्वा (drāvayitvā) - having caused to flee, having routed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) of causative verb

Derived from the causative stem of root 'dru' with absolutive suffix 'tvā'.

Root: dru (class 1)

महारथान् (mahārathān) - great charioteers, great warriors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a great charioteer

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, a warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh

Note: Object of 'drāvayitvā'.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

Note: Subject of 'paryavartata'. In 'roman_words_separated', external sandhi with 'jayatām' causes 'arjunaḥ' to become 'arjuno'.

जयताम् (jayatām) - of the victorious ones, among the conquerors

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jayat

jayat - conquering, victorious

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'ji' with present active participle suffix 'at'.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used in the sense 'among the victorious'.

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, chief, most excellent

Superlative degree from 'praśasya' (praise-worthy).

Note: Agrees with 'arjunaḥ'.

पर्यवर्तत (paryavartata) - returned, revolved, turned back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pari-vṛt

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (or Sañjaya) (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian

Patronymic from Bharata.

Note: Used as an address.