महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-57, verse-13

शिरसां पात्यमानानामन्तरा निशितैः शरैः ।
अश्मवृष्टिरिवाकाशादभवद्भरतर्षभ ॥१३॥

13. śirasāṁ pātyamānānāmantarā niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
aśmavṛṣṭirivākāśādabhavadbharatarṣabha.

13. śirasām pātyamānānām antarā niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ
aśmavṛṣṭiḥ iva ākāśāt abhavat bharatarṣabha

13. O best of Bharatas, amidst the falling heads, it was as if a shower of stones descended from the sky due to the sharp arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• शिरसाम् (śirasām) - of heads

• पात्यमानानाम् (pātyamānānām) - of those being made to fall, of falling ones

• अन्तरा (antarā) - in between, amidst, during

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• अश्मवृष्टिः (aśmavṛṣṭiḥ) - shower of stones, hail of stones

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• आकाशात् (ākāśāt) - from the sky

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it happened, it occurred

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O best of Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

शिरसाम् (śirasām) - of heads

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of śiras

śiras - head

n-stem.

Note: Genitive of relation with 'pātyamānānām'.

पात्यमानानाम् (pātyamānānām) - of those being made to fall, of falling ones

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of pātyamāna

pātyamāna - being made to fall, being felled

Present Passive Participle

Causative of root 'pat' (to fall) -> 'pātayati' (to make fall), then present passive participle with '-māna' suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifying 'śirasām'.

अन्तरा (antarā) - in between, amidst, during

(indeclinable)

From 'antar'.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, whetted, keen, pointed

Past Passive Participle

From 'ni' (prefix) + root 'śo' or 'śi' (to sharpen) + 'kta' (PPP suffix).

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Modifying 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

From root 'śṛ' (to break, crush).

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Instrumental agent.

अश्मवृष्टिः (aśmavṛṣṭiḥ) - shower of stones, hail of stones

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aśmavṛṣṭi

aśmavṛṣṭi - shower of stones, hail

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'aśman' (stone) and 'vṛṣṭi' (rain, shower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśman+vṛṣṭi)

• aśman – stone, rock
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vṛṣ' (to rain) with 'ktin' suffix.
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

आकाशात् (ākāśāt) - from the sky

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, ether, space

From 'ā' (prefix) + root 'kāś' (to shine).

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Indicates source or origin.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it happened, it occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Root 'bhū' (class 1, Parasmaipada), imperfect tense with 'a-' augment.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'aśmavṛṣṭiḥ'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of the Bharatas, chief of Bharatas

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'bharata' (descendant of Bharata) and 'ṛṣabha' (bull, excellent one).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata (an ancient king), member of the Bharata clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the listener.