महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-34, verse-8

शून्यमासाद्य कुरवः प्रयान्त्यादाय गोधनम् ।
किं नु शक्यं मया कर्तुं यदहं तत्र नाभवम् ॥८॥

8. śūnyamāsādya kuravaḥ prayāntyādāya godhanam ,
kiṁ nu śakyaṁ mayā kartuṁ yadahaṁ tatra nābhavam.

8. śūnyam āsādya kuravaḥ prayānti ādāya godhanam kim
nu śakyam mayā kartum yat aham tatra na abhavam

8. Having found (our grazing grounds) deserted, the Kurus are leaving, having taken the cattle. What indeed can I do, since I was not there?

Words meanings summery:

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - deserted (referring to the grazing grounds) (empty, void, deserted)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having found (the place) (having reached, having obtained, having found)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

• प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go forth, they depart, they leave

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (the cattle) (having taken, having seized)

• गोधनम् (godhanam) - cattle wealth, herd of cattle

• किम् (kim) - what (can be done) (what, what indeed, why)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, then, surely)

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible (to be done) (possible, capable)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make, to perform

• यत् (yat) - since, because (that, which, because)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• न (na) - not, no

• अभवम् (abhavam) - I was (present) (I was, I became)

Words meanings and morphology

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - deserted (referring to the grazing grounds) (empty, void, deserted)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, deserted, blank, non-existent

From root śvi (to swell) or śū (to swell, to be empty) + nya.

Root: śū

Note: Functions as an object here, implying 'an empty place'.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having found (the place) (having reached, having obtained, having found)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix ā + root sad (to sit, to settle) + suffix lyap.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a member of the Kuru dynasty/tribe

प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go forth, they depart, they leave

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of prayā

From prefix pra + root yā (to go).

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (the cattle) (having taken, having seized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix ā + root dā (to give, to take) + suffix lyap.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

गोधनम् (godhanam) - cattle wealth, herd of cattle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of godhana

godhana - cattle wealth, herd of cattle, wealth in cows

Tatpurusha compound: go (cow) + dhana (wealth).

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+dhana)

• go – cow, ox, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• dhana – wealth, property, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

किम् (kim) - what (can be done) (what, what indeed, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, then, surely)

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible (to be done) (possible, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able to be done, practicable

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Formed from root śak (to be able) + suffix yat.

Root: śak (class 5)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make, to perform

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root kṛ (to do) + suffix tumun.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - since, because (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used as a conjunction meaning 'because' or 'since'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun stem tad + suffix tral.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभवम् (abhavam) - I was (present) (I was, I became)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect past tense (laṅ), 1st person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)