महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-34, verse-14

यदा तत्पावको दावमदहत्खाण्डवं महत् ।
अर्जुनस्य तदानेन संगृहीता हयोत्तमाः ॥१४॥

14. yadā tatpāvako dāvamadahatkhāṇḍavaṁ mahat ,
arjunasya tadānena saṁgṛhītā hayottamāḥ.

14. yadā tat pāvakaḥ dāvam adahat khāṇḍavam mahat
arjunasya tadā anena saṅgṛhītāḥ hayottamāḥ

14. When that fire (pāvaka) burned the great Khāṇḍava forest, then the excellent horses were controlled by him (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire, Agni

• दावम् (dāvam) - forest fire, conflagration

• अदहात् (adahāt) - burned

• खाण्डवम् (khāṇḍavam) - the Khāṇḍava forest

• महत् (mahat) - great, large

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अनेन (anena) - by Arjuna (by him)

• सङ्गृहीताः (saṅgṛhītāḥ) - controlled, restrained, seized

• हयोत्तमाः (hayottamāḥ) - excellent horses, best of horses

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the event or is an indeclinable 'then'.

पावकः (pāvakaḥ) - fire, Agni

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, purifier, Agni (god of fire)

From √pū (to purify).

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'adahāt'.

दावम् (dāvam) - forest fire, conflagration

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāva

dāva - forest fire, wildfire, conflagration

Note: Object of 'adahāt'.

अदहात् (adahāt) - burned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dah

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the 'when' clause.

खाण्डवम् (khāṇḍavam) - the Khāṇḍava forest

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of khāṇḍava

khāṇḍava - Khāṇḍava forest (a mythological forest near modern Delhi)

Note: Object of 'adahāt', specifying 'dāvam'.

महत् (mahat) - great, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: Modifies 'khāṇḍavam'.

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍavas), white, silver-colored

Note: Possessive, related to 'anena'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time, corresponding to 'yadā'.

अनेन (anena) - by Arjuna (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this person/thing

Note: Agent in passive construction with 'saṅgṛhītāḥ', refers to Arjuna.

सङ्गृहीताः (saṅgṛhītāḥ) - controlled, restrained, seized

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅgṛhīta

saṅgṛhīta - held together, collected, controlled, seized

past passive participle

Past passive participle of √grah (to seize, grasp) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Participle functioning as predicate, agreeing with 'hayottamāḥ'.

हयोत्तमाः (hayottamāḥ) - excellent horses, best of horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hayottama

hayottama - best horse, excellent horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of the passive clause.