महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-99, verse-8

तान्दृष्ट्वा द्रवतो भीतान्सहस्राक्षः पुरंदरः ।
वृत्रे विवर्धमाने च कश्मलं महदाविशत् ॥८॥

8. tāndṛṣṭvā dravato bhītānsahasrākṣaḥ puraṁdaraḥ ,
vṛtre vivardhamāne ca kaśmalaṁ mahadāviśat.

8. tān dṛṣṭvā dravataḥ bhītān sahasrākṣaḥ purandaraḥ
vṛtre vivardhamāne ca kaśmalam mahat āviśat

8. When Vṛtra was growing in power, Indra (Sahasrākṣa), the destroyer of cities (Purandara), seeing those terrified ones fleeing, was overcome by great bewilderment.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those gods (those)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing, running

• भीतान् (bhītān) - afraid, frightened

• सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - Indra (thousand-eyed)

• पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Indra (destroyer of cities)

• वृत्रे (vṛtre) - when Vṛtra (was growing) (in Vṛtra)

• विवर्धमाने (vivardhamāne) - growing, increasing

• च (ca) - and, also

• कश्मलम् (kaśmalam) - great bewilderment (bewilderment, faintness, distress)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, overcame, pervaded

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those gods (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from root dṛś (class 1) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

द्रवतः (dravataḥ) - fleeing, running

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dravat

dravat - running, fleeing

Present Active Participle

Formed from root dru (class 1) with śatṛ suffix

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Declined form of dravat, agreeing with tān.

भीतान् (bhītān) - afraid, frightened

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, afraid

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root bhī (class 3) with kta suffix

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Declined form of bhīta, agreeing with tān.

सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - Indra (thousand-eyed)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahasrākṣa

sahasrākṣa - thousand-eyed, Indra

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+akṣa)

• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Indra (destroyer of cities)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - destroyer of cities, Indra

From pura (city) and root dṛ (to tear, burst), signifying one who shatters cities.

वृत्रे (vṛtre) - when Vṛtra (was growing) (in Vṛtra)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛtra

vṛtra - Vṛtra (a Vedic demon, personification of drought)

Note: Locative case indicates circumstance or time ('when Vṛtra was growing').

विवर्धमाने (vivardhamāne) - growing, increasing

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vivardhamāna

vivardhamāna - growing, increasing, prospering

Present Middle Participle

Formed from root vṛdh (class 1) with prefix vi- and śānac suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Declined form of vivardhamāna, agreeing with vṛtre.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कश्मलम् (kaśmalam) - great bewilderment (bewilderment, faintness, distress)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaśmala

kaśmala - bewilderment, faintness, distress, confusion

Note: Functions as the subject of āviśat (entered/overcame).

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Declined form of mahat, agreeing with kaśmalam.

आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, overcame, pervaded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āviś

Formed from root viś (class 6) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: The subject is kaśmalam.