महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-89, verse-10

तदस्त्रमाप्तं पार्थेन रुद्रादप्रतिमं महत् ।
यत्तद्ब्रह्मशिरो नाम तपसा रुद्रमागतम् ॥१०॥

10. tadastramāptaṁ pārthena rudrādapratimaṁ mahat ,
yattadbrahmaśiro nāma tapasā rudramāgatam.

10. tat astram āptam pārthena rudrāt apratimam mahat
yat tat brahmaśiras nāma tapasā rudram āgatam

10. That unequalled and great weapon, known as Brahmaśira, which had come to Rudra (Śiva) through austerities (tapas), was obtained by Pārtha (Arjuna) from Rudra.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

• आप्तम् (āptam) - obtained, acquired, reached

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Pārtha (Arjuna) (by Pārtha)

• रुद्रात् (rudrāt) - from Rudra, from Śiva

• अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - unequalled, peerless, incomparable

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• तत् (tat) - that

• ब्रह्मशिरस् (brahmaśiras) - Brahmaśira (a powerful divine weapon)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerities, through penance

• रुद्रम् (rudram) - to Rudra, towards Śiva

• आगतम् (āgatam) - come, arrived, approached

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile

आप्तम् (āptam) - obtained, acquired, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āpta

āpta - obtained, acquired, trustworthy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √āp (to obtain, reach) with the kta (त) suffix.

Root: āp (class 5)

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Pārtha (Arjuna) (by Pārtha)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

रुद्रात् (rudrāt) - from Rudra, from Śiva

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra, a name of Śiva

अप्रतिमम् (apratimam) - unequalled, peerless, incomparable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apratima

apratima - unequalled, peerless, incomparable

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (a+pratima)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pratima – image, likeness, measure
  noun (neuter)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, excellent

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ब्रह्मशिरस् (brahmaśiras) - Brahmaśira (a powerful divine weapon)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahmaśiras

brahmaśiras - the head of Brahmā; a divine weapon, one of the most destructive

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (brahman+śiras)

• brahman – Brahma (the creator god), sacred word, sacred knowledge (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• śiras – head, top, peak, chief part
  noun (neuter)

नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

(indeclinable)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerities, through penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, austerity (tapas)

रुद्रम् (rudram) - to Rudra, towards Śiva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rudra

rudra - Rudra, a name of Śiva

आगतम् (āgatam) - come, arrived, approached

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √gam (to go) with the ā-upasarga and kta (त) suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)