महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-243, verse-20

एतच्छ्रुत्वा धर्मसुतः समुद्विग्नो नराधिप ।
अभेद्यकवचं मत्वा कर्णमद्भुतविक्रमम् ।
अनुस्मरंश्च संक्लेशान्न शान्तिमुपयाति सः ॥२०॥

20. etacchrutvā dharmasutaḥ samudvigno narādhipa ,
abhedyakavacaṁ matvā karṇamadbhutavikramam ,
anusmaraṁśca saṁkleśānna śāntimupayāti saḥ.

20. etat śrutvā dharmasutaḥ samudvignaḥ
narādhipa abhedyakavacaṃ matvā
karṇam adbhutavikramam anusmaran
ca saṃkleśān na śāntim upayāti saḥ

20. O lord of men, upon hearing this, the son of Dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira) became greatly agitated. Considering Karṇa to possess impenetrable armor and amazing valor, and also remembering his past afflictions, he could not achieve peace.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (the news of Karṇa's vow). (this.)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing. (having heard.)

• धर्मसुतः (dharmasutaḥ) - the son of Dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira). (son of Dharma.)

• समुद्विग्नः (samudvignaḥ) - greatly agitated. (greatly agitated, disturbed.)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (O lord of men, O king.)

• अभेद्यकवचं (abhedyakavacaṁ) - possessing impenetrable armor. (having an impenetrable armor.)

• मत्वा (matvā) - considering, thinking. (having thought, considering.)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa.

• अद्भुतविक्रमम् (adbhutavikramam) - having amazing valor. (of wonderful valor, having amazing prowess.)

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering (his past afflictions). (remembering, recollecting.)

• च (ca) - and. (and; also.)

• संक्लेशान् (saṁkleśān) - past afflictions, sufferings. (afflictions, distresses.)

• न (na) - not. (not, no.)

• शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace (of mind). (peace, tranquility, quiet.)

• उपयाति (upayāti) - attains, achieves. (approaches, obtains, attains.)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Yudhiṣṭhira). (he, that.)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (the news of Karṇa's vow). (this.)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, here.

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - upon hearing. (having heard.)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From √śru (to hear) + -tvā suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

धर्मसुतः (dharmasutaḥ) - the son of Dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira). (son of Dharma.)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmasuta

dharmasuta - son of Dharma (the deity); a name for Yudhiṣṭhira.

Compound of dharma (personified deity) and suta (son).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+suta)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution; the deity Dharma (dharma).
  noun (masculine)
• suta – son.
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

समुद्विग्नः (samudvignaḥ) - greatly agitated. (greatly agitated, disturbed.)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudvigna

samudvigna - greatly agitated, distressed, disturbed, alarmed.

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ud-√vij (to tremble, be agitated) + -na suffix (irregular for PPP).

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Adjective describing `dharmasutaḥ`.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O lord of men (vocative, addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (O lord of men, O king.)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king, sovereign.

Compound of nara (man) and adhipa (lord, ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being.
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master.
  noun (masculine)

अभेद्यकवचं (abhedyakavacaṁ) - possessing impenetrable armor. (having an impenetrable armor.)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhedyakavaca

abhedyakavaca - having an impenetrable armor; impenetrable armor (as a noun).

Compound: a (not) + bhedya (penetrable) + kavaca (armor).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+bhedya+kavaca)

• a – not, un-.
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• bhedya – penetrable, vulnerable, divisible.
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From √bhid (to break, pierce) + -ya suffix.
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• kavaca – armor, coat of mail.
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective describing Karṇa.

मत्वा (matvā) - considering, thinking. (having thought, considering.)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From √man (to think) + -tvā suffix.

Root: man (class 4)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa.

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karṇa (a name).

Note: Object of `matvā`.

अद्भुतविक्रमम् (adbhutavikramam) - having amazing valor. (of wonderful valor, having amazing prowess.)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adbhutavikrama

adbhutavikrama - of wonderful valor/prowess; amazing feat.

Compound of adbhuta (wonderful) and vikrama (valor/prowess).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (adbhuta+vikrama)

• adbhuta – wonderful, marvelous, extraordinary.
  adjective (neuter)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, heroism, might, stride.
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective describing Karṇa.

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering (his past afflictions). (remembering, recollecting.)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarat

anusmarat - remembering, recollecting, calling to mind.

Present Active Participle

From anu-√smṛ (to remember).

Prefix: anu

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `dharmasutaḥ`.

च (ca) - and. (and; also.)

(indeclinable)

संक्लेशान् (saṁkleśān) - past afflictions, sufferings. (afflictions, distresses.)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃkleśa

saṁkleśa - distress, affliction, pain, trouble, anguish.

From sam-√kliś (to suffer, be afflicted).

Prefix: sam

Root: kliś (class 9)

Note: Object of `anusmaran`.

न (na) - not. (not, no.)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace (of mind). (peace, tranquility, quiet.)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, quiet, cessation, alleviation.

From √śam (to be quiet, calm).

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Object of `upayāti`.

उपयाति (upayāti) - attains, achieves. (approaches, obtains, attains.)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upayā

present tense.

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice. From upa-√yā (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Verb for `saḥ`.

सः (saḥ) - he (Yudhiṣṭhira). (he, that.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it.

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.