महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-243, verse-16

अथोत्क्रुष्टं महेष्वासैर्धार्तराष्ट्रैर्महारथैः ।
प्रतिज्ञाते फल्गुनस्य वधे कर्णेन संयुगे ।
विजितांश्चाप्यमन्यन्त पाण्डवान्धृतराष्ट्रजाः ॥१६॥

16. athotkruṣṭaṁ maheṣvāsairdhārtarāṣṭrairmahārathaiḥ ,
pratijñāte phalgunasya vadhe karṇena saṁyuge ,
vijitāṁścāpyamanyanta pāṇḍavāndhṛtarāṣṭrajāḥ.

16. atha utkruṣṭam maheṣvāsaiḥ dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ
mahārathaiḥ | pratijñāte phālgunasya
vadhe karṇena saṃyuge | vijitān
ca api amanyanta pāṇḍavān dhṛtarāṣṭrajāḥ

16. Then, after Karṇa vowed to kill Arjuna in battle, there was a great shout from the Dhārtarāṣṭras, who were mighty archers and great charioteers. Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons also considered the Pāṇḍavas to be already conquered.

16. אז הרימו בני דְהְרְטַרָאשְׁטְרַה, הקשתים הגדולים ובעלי המרכבות, קריאת קרב, כש-קַרְנַה נדר בקרב להרוג את פְּהַלְגוּנַה, ובני דְהְרְטַרָאשְׁטְרַה חשבו שבני פָּאנְדוּ כבר הובסו.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• उत्क्रुष्टम् (utkruṣṭam) - a great cry, a shout

• महेष्वासैः (maheṣvāsaiḥ) - by the great archers

• धार्तराष्ट्रैः (dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ) - by the Kauravas (by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by the great charioteers, by the mahārathis

• प्रतिज्ञाते (pratijñāte) - when the vow was made, when it was promised

• फाल्गुनस्य (phālgunasya) - of Arjuna

• वधे (vadhe) - in the slaying, regarding the killing

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• विजितान् (vijitān) - conquered, vanquished

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अमन्यन्त (amanyanta) - they considered, they thought

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• धृतराष्ट्रजाः (dhṛtarāṣṭrajāḥ) - The Kauravas (the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

उत्क्रुष्टम् (utkruṣṭam) - a great cry, a shout

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utkruṣṭa

utkruṣṭa - shouted, cried aloud, a great cry

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Prefix ut- + root kruś + suffix -ta

Prefix: ut

Root: kruś (class 1)

महेष्वासैः (maheṣvāsaiḥ) - by the great archers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, one with a great bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the shouting ('utkruṣṭam').

धार्तराष्ट्रैः (dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ) - by the Kauravas (by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Derived from Dhṛtarāṣṭra with suffix -a (aptya)

Note: Refers to the Kauravas.

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by the great charioteers, by the mahārathis

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting many thousands of enemies simultaneously

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (chariot-borne)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ'.

प्रतिज्ञाते (pratijñāte) - when the vow was made, when it was promised

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pratijñāta

pratijñāta - vowed, promised, declared

Past Passive Participle

Prefixes prati- + root jñā + suffix -ta

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction: 'when the slaying was vowed'.

फाल्गुनस्य (phālgunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of phālguna

phālguna - Arjuna (as born under the constellation Phalgunī), related to Phalguna

Note: Possessive for 'vadhe'.

वधे (vadhe) - in the slaying, regarding the killing

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, destruction

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name), ear

Note: Agent of the vow.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, combat

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Location of the vow.

विजितान् (vijitān) - conquered, vanquished

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vijita

vijita - conquered, won, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Prefix vi- + root ji + suffix -ta

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of 'amanyanta', qualifying 'pāṇḍavān'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अमन्यन्त (amanyanta) - they considered, they thought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of man

Imperfect, 3rd person plural, root man

Root: man (class 4)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava

Note: Object of 'amanyanta'.

धृतराष्ट्रजाः (dhṛtarāṣṭrajāḥ) - The Kauravas (the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛtarāṣṭraja

dhṛtarāṣṭraja - born of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛtarāṣṭra+ja)

• dhṛtarāṣṭra – Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'amanyanta'.

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