महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-179, verse-6

क्षुब्धतोया महाघोषाः श्वसमाना इवाशुगाः ।
सिन्धवः शोभयां चक्रुः काननानि तपात्यये ॥६॥

6. kṣubdhatoyā mahāghoṣāḥ śvasamānā ivāśugāḥ ,
sindhavaḥ śobhayāṁ cakruḥ kānanāni tapātyaye.

6. kṣubdhatoyāḥ mahāghoṣāḥ śvasamānāḥ iva āśugāḥ
sindhavaḥ śobhayām cakruḥ kānanāni tapātyaye

6. At the end of summer, the rivers, their waters turbulent and roaring loudly like swift, hissing entities, beautified the forests.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षुब्धतोयाः (kṣubdhatoyāḥ) - having turbulent waters, with agitated waters

• महाघोषाः (mahāghoṣāḥ) - having great roars, making loud sounds

• श्वसमानाः (śvasamānāḥ) - hissing, breathing, sighing

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• आशुगाः (āśugāḥ) - Referring to swift entities like wind or arrows, here used as a comparison for fast-flowing rivers. (swift-moving, fast-going)

• सिन्धवः (sindhavaḥ) - rivers, streams

• शोभयाम् (śobhayām) - Part of the periphrastic perfect 'śobhayām cakruḥ' (they beautified) (making beautiful, adorning)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - Used as the auxiliary verb in the periphrastic perfect 'śobhayām cakruḥ' (they made, they did)

• काननानि (kānanāni) - forests, groves

• तपात्यये (tapātyaye) - at the end of summer, at the close of heat

Words meanings and morphology

क्षुब्धतोयाः (kṣubdhatoyāḥ) - having turbulent waters, with agitated waters

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣubdhatoya

kṣubdhatoya - having disturbed or turbulent waters

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṣubdha+toya)

• kṣubdha – agitated, disturbed, shaken, stirred
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṣubh (to tremble, to be agitated), participle form
  Root: kṣubh (class 1)
• toya – water, liquid
  noun (neuter)

महाघोषाः (mahāghoṣāḥ) - having great roars, making loud sounds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāghoṣa

mahāghoṣa - having a great sound or roar, loud-sounding

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ghoṣa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ghoṣa – sound, noise, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)

श्वसमानाः (śvasamānāḥ) - hissing, breathing, sighing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śvasamāna

śvasamāna - hissing, breathing, sighing, blowing

Present Active Participle (Middle Voice)

From root śvas (to breathe, hiss, snort), present participle, ātmanepada

Root: śvas (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

आशुगाः (āśugāḥ) - Referring to swift entities like wind or arrows, here used as a comparison for fast-flowing rivers. (swift-moving, fast-going)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśuga

āśuga - swift-moving, fast-going (an arrow, wind)

Compound of āśu (swift) and ga (going)

Compound type : tatpurusha (āśu+ga)

• āśu – swift, quick, fast
  adjective (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, moving along
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root gam
  Suffix -a added to root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

सिन्धवः (sindhavaḥ) - rivers, streams

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sindhu

sindhu - river, stream, ocean, the Indus river

शोभयाम् (śobhayām) - Part of the periphrastic perfect 'śobhayām cakruḥ' (they beautified) (making beautiful, adorning)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śobhayā

śobhayā - making beautiful, causing to shine

Verbal Noun / Causative form

Derived from the causative stem of śubh (to shine, be beautiful)

Root: śubh (class 1)

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - Used as the auxiliary verb in the periphrastic perfect 'śobhayām cakruḥ' (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

काननानि (kānanāni) - forests, groves

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kānana

kānana - forest, grove, wood

तपात्यये (tapātyaye) - at the end of summer, at the close of heat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tapātyaya

tapātyaya - end of heat, end of summer, close of the hot season

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapa+atyaya)

• tapa – heat, summer, asceticism (tapas)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• atyaya – end, passing away, expiration, overcoming
  noun (masculine)
  From root i (to go) with prefix ati-
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)