महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-179, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
निदाघान्तकरः कालः सर्वभूतसुखावहः ।
तत्रैव वसतां तेषां प्रावृट्समभिपद्यत ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
nidāghāntakaraḥ kālaḥ sarvabhūtasukhāvahaḥ ,
tatraiva vasatāṁ teṣāṁ prāvṛṭsamabhipadyata.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca nidāghāntakaraḥ kālaḥ sarvabhūtasukhāvahaḥ
tatra eva vasatām teṣām prāvṛṭ samabhipadyata

1. Vaiśampāyana said: The season bringing an end to summer and bringing happiness to all beings—the rainy season—arrived for them as they were dwelling right there.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• निदाघान्तकरः (nidāghāntakaraḥ) - bringing an end to summer, ending the heat

• कालः (kālaḥ) - season (time, season)

• सर्वभूतसुखावहः (sarvabhūtasukhāvahaḥ) - bringing happiness to all beings

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• एव (eva) - right there (emphatic) (indeed, only, just)

• वसताम् (vasatām) - of those dwelling, of those living

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

• प्रावृट् (prāvṛṭ) - the rainy season

• समभिपद्यत (samabhipadyata) - arrived, commenced, came upon

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana, the narrator (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, disciple of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense form

Perfect 3rd singular active, from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

निदाघान्तकरः (nidāghāntakaraḥ) - bringing an end to summer, ending the heat

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nidāghāntakara

nidāghāntakara - ender of summer, one who causes the end of summer

Compound of nidāgha (summer heat) + anta (end) + kara (maker/doer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nidāgha+anta+kara)

• nidāgha – summer, intense heat
  noun (masculine)
• anta – end, boundary, limit
  noun (masculine)
• kara – maker, doer, causing, hand
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root kṛ- (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ

कालः (kālaḥ) - season (time, season)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

सर्वभूतसुखावहः (sarvabhūtasukhāvahaḥ) - bringing happiness to all beings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvabhūtasukhāvaha

sarvabhūtasukhāvaha - bringing happiness/well-being to all creatures/beings

Compound: sarva (all) + bhūta (beings) + sukha (happiness) + āvaha (bringing).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sarva+bhūta+sukha+āvaha)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū- (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• sukha – happiness, joy, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root vah- (to carry) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Locative of tad-pronominal stem.

एव (eva) - right there (emphatic) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

वसताम् (vasatām) - of those dwelling, of those living

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vasat

vasat - dwelling, living, residing

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root vas- (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'teṣām'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Pronominal stem.

Note: Refers to the people dwelling.

प्रावृट् (prāvṛṭ) - the rainy season

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāvṛṣ

prāvṛṣ - the rainy season, monsoon

From pra- (prefix) + vṛṣ- (to rain).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

समभिपद्यत (samabhipadyata) - arrived, commenced, came upon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samabhipad

imperfect tense form

Imperfect 3rd singular middle. From root pad- (to go) with prefixes sam- and abhi-.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: pad (class 4)