महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-179, verse-4

विरूढशष्पा पृथिवी मत्तदंशसरीसृपा ।
बभूव पयसा सिक्ता शान्तधूमरजोऽरुणा ॥४॥

4. virūḍhaśaṣpā pṛthivī mattadaṁśasarīsṛpā ,
babhūva payasā siktā śāntadhūmarajo'ruṇā.

4. virūḍhaśaspā pṛthivī mattadaṃśasarīsṛpā
babhūva payasā siktā śāntadhūmarajasaruṇā

4. The earth, covered with sprouting grass and teeming with intoxicated insects and reptiles, became thoroughly moistened by the water, its smoky dust and ruddy hues having subsided.

Words meanings summery:

• विरूढशस्पा (virūḍhaśaspā) - having grown grass, with sprouting grass

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth

• मत्तदंशसरीसृपा (mattadaṁśasarīsṛpā) - (earth) bustling with agitated insects and crawling creatures (having intoxicated insects and reptiles, with intoxicated mosquitoes and reptiles)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, existed

• पयसा (payasā) - by water, with water

• सिक्ता (siktā) - sprinkled, watered, moistened

• शान्तधूमरजसरुणा (śāntadhūmarajasaruṇā) - (earth) whose smoky dust and ruddy hues had calmed (whose smoke, dust, and reddishness have subsided)

Words meanings and morphology

विरूढशस्पा (virūḍhaśaspā) - having grown grass, with sprouting grass

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of virūḍhaśaspa

virūḍhaśaspa - having grown grass/herbage

Compound: virūḍha (sprouted, grown) + śaspa (grass).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (virūḍha+śaspa)

• virūḍha – sprouted, grown, risen
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ruh- (to grow) with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ruh (class 1)
• śaspa – young grass, fresh grass, sprout
  noun (neuter)

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, land

Feminine form of pṛthu (broad, wide).

Note: Subject of babhūva.

मत्तदंशसरीसृपा (mattadaṁśasarīsṛpā) - (earth) bustling with agitated insects and crawling creatures (having intoxicated insects and reptiles, with intoxicated mosquitoes and reptiles)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mattadaṃśasarīsṛpa

mattadaṁśasarīsṛpa - having intoxicated/agitated biting insects and reptiles

Compound: matta (intoxicated, excited) + daṃśa (biting insect, mosquito) + sarīsṛpa (reptile, crawling creature).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (matta+daṃśa+sarīsṛpa)

• matta – intoxicated, excited, mad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mad- (to be intoxicated)
  Root: mad (class 4)
• daṃśa – biting, mosquito, fly
  noun (masculine)
  From root daṃś- (to bite)
  Root: daṃś (class 1)
• sarīsṛpa – reptile, snake, crawling creature
  noun (masculine)
  Reduplicated noun from root sṛp- (to crawl)
  Root: sṛp (class 1)

बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

perfect tense form

Perfect 3rd singular active. From root bhū- (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पयसा (payasā) - by water, with water

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of payas

payas - water, milk, fluid

S-stem noun.

Note: Instrument of siktā.

सिक्ता (siktā) - sprinkled, watered, moistened

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sikta

sikta - sprinkled, watered, moistened, irrigated

Past Passive Participle

From root sic- (to sprinkle, pour).

Root: sic (class 6)

Note: Qualifies pṛthivī.

शान्तधूमरजसरुणा (śāntadhūmarajasaruṇā) - (earth) whose smoky dust and ruddy hues had calmed (whose smoke, dust, and reddishness have subsided)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śāntadhūmarajasaruṇa

śāntadhūmarajasaruṇa - having calmed smoke, dust, and reddishness

Bahuvrihi compound. śānta (calmed/subsided) applies to dhūma (smoke), rajas (dust), and aruṇa (reddishness/ruddy color).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śānta+dhūma+rajas+aruṇa)

• śānta – calmed, tranquil, subsided
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śam- (to be calm)
  Root: śam (class 4)
• dhūma – smoke, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• rajas – dust, pollen, impurity, emotion
  noun (neuter)
• aruṇa – red, reddish, ruddy, dawn-colored
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies pṛthivī. The word-form śāntadhūmarajasaruṇā is the form without external sandhi from other words.