महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-179, verse-12

पश्यन्तः शान्तरजसः क्षपा जलदशीतलाः ।
ग्रहनक्षत्रसंघैश्च सोमेन च विराजिताः ॥१२॥

12. paśyantaḥ śāntarajasaḥ kṣapā jaladaśītalāḥ ,
grahanakṣatrasaṁghaiśca somena ca virājitāḥ.

12. paśyantaḥ śāntarājasaḥ kṣapā jaladaśītalāḥ
grahanakṣatrasaṃghaiḥ ca somena ca virājitāḥ

12. The Pāṇḍavas, seeing the nights whose dust had settled, cool with dew, and splendidly adorned by the multitudes of planets, stars, and the moon.

Words meanings summery:

• पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - seeing, observing

• शान्तराजसः (śāntarājasaḥ) - whose dust has settled, with tranquil dust

• क्षपा (kṣapā) - nights

• जलदशीतलाः (jaladaśītalāḥ) - cool with dew (cool with moisture/water, cool like clouds)

• ग्रहनक्षत्रसंघैः (grahanakṣatrasaṁghaiḥ) - by clusters of planets and stars

• च (ca) - and

• सोमेन (somena) - by the moon (by the moon, by Soma)

• च (ca) - and

• विराजिताः (virājitāḥ) - adorned, shining, splendid

Words meanings and morphology

पश्यन्तः (paśyantaḥ) - seeing, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, observing

Present Active Participle

From root `√dṛś` (to see), but uses `paśya` stem in present tense. Suffix `-at`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Participial adjective.

शान्तराजसः (śāntarājasaḥ) - whose dust has settled, with tranquil dust

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śāntarājas

śāntarājas - whose dust has settled, with tranquil dust

Bahuvrihi compound. 'Having dust settled/calmed'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śānta+rajas)

• śānta – calmed, tranquil, settled, ended
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `√śam` (to be tranquil, cease) + suffix `-ta` (PPP).
  Root: śam (class 4)
• rajas – dust, gloom, passion, pollen
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective agreeing with `kṣapā`.

क्षपा (kṣapā) - nights

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṣapā

kṣapā - night

Note: Direct object of `paśyantaḥ`, but inflected in nominative in accordance with common usage for participial constructions.

जलदशीतलाः (jaladaśītalāḥ) - cool with dew (cool with moisture/water, cool like clouds)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of jaladaśītala

jaladaśītala - cool with moisture/water, cool like clouds

Tatpurusha compound. `jala` (water/moisture) + `da` (giver, or combining element) + `śītala` (cool). Interpretation as 'cool due to water/dew' is contextually appropriate for clear autumn nights.

Compound type : tatpurusha (jala+da+śītala)

• jala – water, moisture
  noun (neuter)
• da – giver, bestower
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `√dā` (to give) + suffix `-a`.
  Root: dā (class 1)
• śītala – cool, cold, chilly
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective agreeing with `kṣapā`.

ग्रहनक्षत्रसंघैः (grahanakṣatrasaṁghaiḥ) - by clusters of planets and stars

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of grahanakṣatrasaṃgha

grahanakṣatrasaṁgha - cluster of planets and stars

Tatpurusha compound. 'Multitude/group of planets and stars'.

Compound type : dvandva (graha+nakṣatra+saṃgha)

• graha – planet, seizer, grasping
  noun (masculine)
• nakṣatra – star, constellation
  noun (neuter)
• saṃgha – multitude, collection, community, cluster
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of adornment.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सोमेन (somena) - by the moon (by the moon, by Soma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of soma

soma - moon, Soma (a deity, a plant, its juice)

Note: Agent of adornment.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विराजिताः (virājitāḥ) - adorned, shining, splendid

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of virājita

virājita - adorned, splendid, shining, brilliant

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `vi-` + root `√rāj` (to shine) + suffix `-ita` (PPP).

Prefix: vi

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective.