महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-179, verse-10

क्रौञ्चहंसगणाकीर्णा शरत्प्रणिहिताभवत् ।
रूढकक्षवनप्रस्था प्रसन्नजलनिम्नगा ॥१०॥

10. krauñcahaṁsagaṇākīrṇā śaratpraṇihitābhavat ,
rūḍhakakṣavanaprasthā prasannajalanimnagā.

10. krauñcahaṃsagaṇākīrṇā śarat praṇihitā abhavat
rūḍhakakṣavanaprasthā prasannajalanimnagā

10. Autumn became established, filled with flocks of curlews and swans. Its forests and plains had grown lush with grass, and its rivers flowed with clear waters.

Words meanings summery:

• क्रौञ्चहंसगणाकीर्णा (krauñcahaṁsagaṇākīrṇā) - filled with flocks of curlews and swans

• शरत् (śarat) - autumn

• प्रणिहिता (praṇihitā) - established, placed, set forth

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, existed

• रूढकक्षवनप्रस्था (rūḍhakakṣavanaprasthā) - whose forest regions have grown with grass/bushes

• प्रसन्नजलनिम्नगा (prasannajalanimnagā) - whose rivers have clear waters

Words meanings and morphology

क्रौञ्चहंसगणाकीर्णा (krauñcahaṁsagaṇākīrṇā) - filled with flocks of curlews and swans

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of krauñcahaṃsagaṇākīrṇa

krauñcahaṁsagaṇākīrṇa - filled with flocks of curlews and swans

Compound type : tatpurusha (krauñca+haṃsa+gaṇa+ākīrṇa)

• krauñca – curlew, heron, a species of crane
  noun (masculine)
• haṃsa – swan, goose
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – flock, multitude, group, troop
  noun (masculine)
• ākīrṇa – strewn, covered, filled, crowded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix `ā-` + root `√kṛ` (to strew) + suffix `-ṇa` (PPP).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Adjective describing `śarat`.

शरत् (śarat) - autumn

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śarat

śarat - autumn

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रणिहिता (praṇihitā) - established, placed, set forth

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of praṇihita

praṇihita - established, placed, set forth, attentive

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `pra-` + `ni-` + root `√dhā` (to place) + suffix `-ta` (PPP).

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for `śarat`.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Root `√bhū` (class 1, parasm. `bhavati`).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

रूढकक्षवनप्रस्था (rūḍhakakṣavanaprasthā) - whose forest regions have grown with grass/bushes

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rūḍhakakṣavanaprastha

rūḍhakakṣavanaprastha - whose forest regions have grown with grass/bushes

Bahuvrihi compound. 'Having grown grass in its forest plains'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rūḍha+kakṣa+vana+prastha)

• rūḍha – grown, risen, established
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `√ruh` (to grow, rise) + suffix `-ta` (PPP).
  Root: ruh (class 1)
• kakṣa – grass, brushwood, a dry forest, side
  noun (masculine)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• prastha – plateau, plain, region, level ground
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective describing `śarat`.

प्रसन्नजलनिम्नगा (prasannajalanimnagā) - whose rivers have clear waters

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prasannajalanimnagā

prasannajalanimnagā - whose rivers have clear waters

Bahuvrihi compound. 'Having clear water in its rivers'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prasanna+jala+nimnagā)

• prasanna – clear, bright, tranquil, pleased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix `pra-` + root `√sad` (to sink, settle) + suffix `-na` (PPP).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• nimnagā – river (lit. 'going downward')
  noun (feminine)

Note: Adjective describing `śarat`.