महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-175, verse-12

स ददर्श महाकायं भुजङ्गं लोमहर्षणम् ।
गिरिदुर्गे समापन्नं कायेनावृत्य कन्दरम् ॥१२॥

12. sa dadarśa mahākāyaṁ bhujaṅgaṁ lomaharṣaṇam ,
giridurge samāpannaṁ kāyenāvṛtya kandaram.

12. sa dadarśa mahākāyam bhujaṅgam lomaharṣaṇam
giridurge samāpannam kāyena āvṛtya kandaram

12. He saw a huge-bodied, terrifying serpent (bhujaṅga) situated in a mountain cave, completely covering the entrance with its vast body.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, beheld

• महाकायम् (mahākāyam) - huge-bodied, having a large body

• भुजङ्गम् (bhujaṅgam) - serpent, snake

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, terrifying, causing goosebumps

• गिरिदुर्गे (giridurge) - in a mountain fortress, in a mountain stronghold, in a mountain cave

• समापन्नम् (samāpannam) - situated, having approached, having entered

• कायेन (kāyena) - by the body, with the body

• आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having covered, having enveloped

• कन्दरम् (kandaram) - cave, grotto

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Active

root dṛś, 3rd person singular, Perfect Active

Root: dṛś (class 1)

महाकायम् (mahākāyam) - huge-bodied, having a large body

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahākāya

mahākāya - huge-bodied, large-bodied

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+kāya)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• kāya – body, mass, collection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective for 'bhujaṅgam'.

भुजङ्गम् (bhujaṅgam) - serpent, snake

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhujaṅga

bhujaṅga - snake, serpent

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, terrifying, causing goosebumps

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, terrifying

Derived from root hṛṣ (to be stiff/horripilate)

From loman (hair) + harṣaṇa (causing standing up)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair (on the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing excitement, thrilling, causing to stand up
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle (causative of hṛṣ)
  Root hṛṣ (to stand on end, horripilate) with suffix -ana
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'bhujaṅgam'.

गिरिदुर्गे (giridurge) - in a mountain fortress, in a mountain stronghold, in a mountain cave

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of giridurga

giridurga - mountain fortress, mountain stronghold

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (giri+durga)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• durga – fortress, stronghold, difficult place
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the location where the serpent is.

समापन्नम् (samāpannam) - situated, having approached, having entered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāpanna

samāpanna - fallen into, having attained, situated, come into possession of

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam- + ā- + root pad (to go)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Adjective for 'bhujaṅgam'. Describes its state/position.

कायेन (kāyena) - by the body, with the body

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, mass, collection

Note: Means by which the covering is done.

आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having covered, having enveloped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix ā- + root vṛ (to cover) + suffix -tya (l-yap)

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Shows an action completed before the main verb.

कन्दरम् (kandaram) - cave, grotto

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kandara

kandara - cave, grotto, cavern

Note: Object of 'āvṛtya'.