महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-166, verse-19

तेन शब्देन महता समुद्रे पर्वतोपमाः ।
आप्लवन्त गतैः सत्त्वैर्मत्स्याः शतसहस्रशः ॥१९॥

19. tena śabdena mahatā samudre parvatopamāḥ ,
āplavanta gataiḥ sattvairmatsyāḥ śatasahasraśaḥ.

19. tena śabdena mahatā samudre parvatopamāḥ
āplavanta gataiḥ sattvaiḥ matsyāḥ śatasahasraśaḥ

19. By that great sound, hundreds of thousands of mountain-like fish, deprived of their vitality, jumped out of the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound, with the noise

• महता (mahatā) - by the great, with the mighty, by the large

• समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean, in the sea

• पर्वतोपमाः (parvatopamāḥ) - mountain-like, resembling mountains

• आप्लवन्त (āplavanta) - they jumped up, they floated up, they rose

• गतैः (gataiḥ) - having lost (their) vitality (by those deprived of, by those having lost)

• सत्त्वैः (sattvaiḥ) - with (their) vitality (lost) (by the living beings, by the vitality/strength, with (their) life force)

• मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fish

• शतसहस्रशः (śatasahasraśaḥ) - by hundreds of thousands, in hundreds of thousands, in countless numbers

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Agrees with 'śabdena'.

शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound, with the noise

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, voice

Derived from the root 'śabd' (to sound).

Root: śabd (class 1)

महता (mahatā) - by the great, with the mighty, by the large

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable, important

Present participle of the root 'mah' (to be great) or a primary derivative.

Root: mah (class 1)

समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean, in the sea

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Possibly from 'sam' (together) + 'ud' (water) or 'und' (to wet).

Root: ud (class 7)

Note: Indicates location.

पर्वतोपमाः (parvatopamāḥ) - mountain-like, resembling mountains

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parvatopama

parvatopama - mountain-like, resembling mountains

Compound of 'parvata' (mountain) and 'upama' (comparison, resemblance).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parvata+upama)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)
• upama – comparison, resemblance, simile, like
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From 'upa' (near) and 'mā' (to measure, compare).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)

आप्लवन्त (āplavanta) - they jumped up, they floated up, they rose

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā-plu

Imperfect (laṅ)

Root 'plu' (to float, swim, jump) is in the 1st class. Combined with the prefix 'ā'. Conjugated in the 3rd person plural Imperfect tense with the augment 'a'.

Prefix: ā

Root: plu (class 1)

गतैः (gataiḥ) - having lost (their) vitality (by those deprived of, by those having lost)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, passed, lost, deprived of, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'gam' (to go) with the suffix 'kta'. Can indicate a state of being 'gone' or 'lost'.

Root: gam (class 1)

सत्त्वैः (sattvaiḥ) - with (their) vitality (lost) (by the living beings, by the vitality/strength, with (their) life force)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sattva

sattva - being, existence, essence, vitality, strength, courage, living being, creature

Derived from 'sat' (being, existing), which itself comes from the root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Describes the state in which the fish jumped, implying their life force was affected.

मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - fish

Derived from the root 'mad' (to rejoice, be glad) by some etymologies, possibly related to water dwelling.

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'āplavanta'.

शतसहस्रशः (śatasahasraśaḥ) - by hundreds of thousands, in hundreds of thousands, in countless numbers

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'śatasahasra' (a hundred thousand) with the suffix '-śas' which indicates 'in such numbers'.

Note: Modifies the quantity of 'matsyāḥ'.