महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-166, verse-16

ततो विचार्य बहुधा रथमार्गेषु तान्हयान् ।
प्राचोदयत्समे देशे मातलिर्भरतर्षभ ॥१६॥

16. tato vicārya bahudhā rathamārgeṣu tānhayān ,
prācodayatsame deśe mātalirbharatarṣabha.

16. tataḥ vicārya bahudhā rathamārgeṣu tān hayān
prācodayat same deśe mātaliḥ bharatarṣabha

16. Then, O best among the Bharatas, Matali, having deliberated extensively on the chariot paths, urged those horses forward on level ground.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• विचार्य (vicārya) - having considered, having deliberated, having examined

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, variously, repeatedly

• रथमार्गेषु (rathamārgeṣu) - on the chariot paths, on the chariot tracks, on the routes for chariots

• तान् (tān) - those

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• प्राचोदयत् (prācodayat) - he urged, he drove, he incited

• समे (same) - on level, on even, on equal

• देशे (deśe) - in the place, on the ground, in the region

• मातलिः (mātaliḥ) - Matali, the charioteer of Indra (Matali)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharata lineage (a vocative epithet, often for figures like Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna in the Mahabharata) (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

विचार्य (vicārya) - having considered, having deliberated, having examined

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'car' (to move, to go) with the prefix 'vi', and the absolutive suffix '-ya' (when preceded by a prefix). The causative sense 'to cause to move/consider' is also present in some contexts, but here it's more 'having examined/considered'.

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, variously, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'bahu' (many) with the suffix '-dhā' expressing manner or repetition.

रथमार्गेषु (rathamārgeṣu) - on the chariot paths, on the chariot tracks, on the routes for chariots

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of rathamārga

rathamārga - chariot road, path for chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+mārga)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – path, road, way, route
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'hayān'.

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Derived from the root 'hi' (to go, to move).

Root: hi (class 3)

Note: Object of 'prācodayat'.

प्राचोदयत् (prācodayat) - he urged, he drove, he incited

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pra-cud

Causative, Imperfect (laṅ)

Root 'cud' (to urge) is in the 1st or 10th class. Formed as a causative stem 'coday' with the prefix 'pra', then conjugated in the 3rd person singular Imperfect tense. The initial 'a' augment of the Imperfect combines with 'pra' to form 'prā'.

Prefix: pra

Root: cud (class 1)

समे (same) - on level, on even, on equal

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sama

sama - even, level, equal, similar, tranquil

देशे (deśe) - in the place, on the ground, in the region

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, region, country, ground, spot

Root: diś (class 6)

मातलिः (mātaliḥ) - Matali, the charioteer of Indra (Matali)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātali

mātali - Matali (name of Indra's charioteer)

Note: Subject of 'prācodayat'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bharata lineage (a vocative epithet, often for figures like Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna in the Mahabharata) (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas (an epithet for a heroic figure from the Bharata dynasty)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient king, a specific clan/lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• ṛṣabha – a bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)