महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-132, verse-8

तस्या गर्भः समभवदग्निकल्पः सोऽधीयानं पितरमथाभ्युवाच ।
सर्वां रात्रिमध्ययनं करोषि नेदं पितः सम्यगिवोपवर्तते ॥८॥

8. tasyā garbhaḥ samabhavadagnikalpaḥ; so'dhīyānaṁ pitaramathābhyuvāca ,
sarvāṁ rātrimadhyayanaṁ karoṣi; nedaṁ pitaḥ samyagivopavartate.

8. tasyāḥ garbhaḥ samabhavat agnikalpaḥ
saḥ adhīyānaṃ pitaram atha abhyuvāca
sarvāṃ rātrim adhyayanaṃ karoṣi
na idaṃ pitaḥ samyak iva upavartate

8. A fiery fetus developed in her womb. While still in the womb, it then spoke to its father, who was engaged in study: 'Father, you study all night, but this does not seem quite right.'

Words meanings summery:

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - (referring to Kahōḍa's wife, Sujātā) (her, of her)

• गर्भः (garbhaḥ) - fetus, embryo, womb, interior

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - came into being, developed, arose

• अग्निकल्पः (agnikalpaḥ) - like fire, fiery, resembling fire

• सः (saḥ) - (the fetus in the womb) (he, that (one))

• अधीयानं (adhīyānaṁ) - studying, reciting, learning

• पितरम् (pitaram) - (Kahōḍa) (father)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• अभ्युवाच (abhyuvāca) - spoke to, addressed

• सर्वां (sarvāṁ) - all, entire

• रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

• अध्ययनं (adhyayanaṁ) - study, learning, recitation

• करोषि (karoṣi) - you perform (study), you study (you do, you make, you perform)

• न (na) - not, no

• इदं (idaṁ) - (this studying all night) (this)

• पितः (pitaḥ) - O father

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, completely

• इव (iva) - quite (in the sense of 'as if it were proper') (as if, like, seemingly)

• उपवर्तते (upavartate) - is proper/right (takes place, occurs, is suitable, is proper)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - (referring to Kahōḍa's wife, Sujātā) (her, of her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गर्भः (garbhaḥ) - fetus, embryo, womb, interior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garbha

garbha - womb, fetus, embryo, interior, child

समभवत् (samabhavat) - came into being, developed, arose

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samabhavat

Imperfect Active

root bhū (1st class) with prefix sam, in imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

अग्निकल्पः (agnikalpaḥ) - like fire, fiery, resembling fire

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agnikalpa

agnikalpa - like fire, fiery, resembling fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agni+kalpa)

• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
• kalpa – like, resembling, similar to (suffix)
  adjective (masculine)

सः (saḥ) - (the fetus in the womb) (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अधीयानं (adhīyānaṁ) - studying, reciting, learning

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhīyāna

adhīyāna - studying, reciting, learning

Present Middle Participle

root i (2nd class) with prefix adhi, in present middle participle form

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies pitaram

पितरम् (pitaram) - (Kahōḍa) (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

अभ्युवाच (abhyuvāca) - spoke to, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of abhyuvāca

Perfect Active

root vac (2nd class) with prefix abhi, in perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: abhi

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वां (sarvāṁ) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Adjectivally modifies 'rātrim'

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Accusative of duration: 'all night'

अध्ययनं (adhyayanaṁ) - study, learning, recitation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, reading, recitation

Action noun

root i (2nd class) with prefix adhi and suffix -ana

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

करोषि (karoṣi) - you perform (study), you study (you do, you make, you perform)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of karoṣi

Present Active

root kṛ (8th class) in present tense, 2nd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इदं (idaṁ) - (this studying all night) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here (demonstrative pronoun)

पितः (pitaḥ) - O father

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, completely

(indeclinable)

इव (iva) - quite (in the sense of 'as if it were proper') (as if, like, seemingly)

(indeclinable)

उपवर्तते (upavartate) - is proper/right (takes place, occurs, is suitable, is proper)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upavartate

Present Middle

root vṛt (1st class) with prefix upa, in present tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: upa

Root: vṛt (class 1)