महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-132, verse-5

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथंप्रभावः स बभूव विप्रस्तथायुक्तं यो निजग्राह बन्दिम् ।
अष्टावक्रः केन चासौ बभूव तत्सर्वं मे लोमश शंस तत्त्वम् ॥५॥

5. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁprabhāvaḥ sa babhūva vipra;stathāyuktaṁ yo nijagrāha bandim ,
aṣṭāvakraḥ kena cāsau babhūva; tatsarvaṁ me lomaśa śaṁsa tattvam.

5. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca kathaṃprabhāvaḥ sa
babhūva vipraḥ tathāyuktaṃ yaḥ nijagrāha
bandim aṣṭāvakraḥ kena ca asau
babhūva tat sarvaṃ me lomaśa śaṃsa tattvam

5. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "What kind of power did that brahmin possess, he who defeated Bandin even when Bandin was so formidable? And how did he become Aṣṭāvakra? O Lomasa, please reveal the truth (tattvam) of all that to me."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथंप्रभावः (kathaṁprabhāvaḥ) - of what power, having what influence

• स (sa) - he, that

• बभूव (babhūva) - was, became

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin, priest, inspired person

• तथायुक्तं (tathāyuktaṁ) - so formidable (referring to Bandin's power as a debater) (thus endowed, so connected, so powerful)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• निजग्राह (nijagrāha) - captured, subdued, defeated

• बन्दिम् (bandim) - Bandin (the renowned debater) (Bandin (proper name), bard, panegyrist, prisoner)

• अष्टावक्रः (aṣṭāvakraḥ) - Aṣṭāvakra (the sage) (Aṣṭāvakra (proper name), one who is crooked in eight places)

• केन (kena) - by whom, by what means, how

• च (ca) - and, also

• असौ (asau) - he, that (one)

• बभूव (babhūva) - was, became

• तत् (tat) - that

• सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all, whole, entire

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• लोमश (lomaśa) - O Lomasa (Lomasa (proper name))

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare, praise

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth, reality, essential nature, principle

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

root vac (2nd class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

कथंप्रभावः (kathaṁprabhāvaḥ) - of what power, having what influence

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kathaṃprabhāva

kathaṁprabhāva - of what power, having what influence

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (katham+prabhāva)

• katham – how, in what manner, what
  indeclinable
• prabhāva – power, might, influence, splendor
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बभूव (babhūva) - was, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of babhūva

Perfect Active

root bhū (1st class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - Brahmin, priest, inspired person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, priest, inspired, wise

तथायुक्तं (tathāyuktaṁ) - so formidable (referring to Bandin's power as a debater) (thus endowed, so connected, so powerful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathāyukta

tathāyukta - thus endowed, so connected, fit for that

Past Passive Participle

tathā (thus) + yukta (joined, endowed)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tathā+yukta)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• yukta – joined, yoked, endowed with, engaged in, proper
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root yuj (7th class) with -ta suffix
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with Bandim

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

निजग्राह (nijagrāha) - captured, subdued, defeated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of nijagrāha

Perfect Active

root grah (9th class) with prefix ni, in perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

बन्दिम् (bandim) - Bandin (the renowned debater) (Bandin (proper name), bard, panegyrist, prisoner)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bandin

bandin - a bard, panegyrist, encomiast; a prisoner, captive

अष्टावक्रः (aṣṭāvakraḥ) - Aṣṭāvakra (the sage) (Aṣṭāvakra (proper name), one who is crooked in eight places)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭāvakra

aṣṭāvakra - crooked in eight places; Aṣṭāvakra (name of a sage)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aṣṭa+vakra)

• aṣṭa – eight
  numeral
• vakra – crooked, bent, curved
  adjective (masculine)

केन (kena) - by whom, by what means, how

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which (interrogative pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

असौ (asau) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun, usually refers to something remote or beyond perception)

बभूव (babhūva) - was, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of babhūva

Perfect Active

root bhū (1st class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वं (sarvaṁ) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Adjectivally modifies 'tat'

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

Note: Can be dative or genitive; here dative 'to me'

लोमश (lomaśa) - O Lomasa (Lomasa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - hairy, woolly; name of a sage

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare, praise

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Imperative Active

root śaṃs (1st class) in imperative mood, 2nd person singular

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - truth, reality, essential nature, principle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essential nature, principle, true state