महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-128, verse-10

अथ तं नरके घोरे पच्यमानं ददर्श सः ।
तमपृच्छत्किमर्थं त्वं नरके पच्यसे द्विज ॥१०॥

10. atha taṁ narake ghore pacyamānaṁ dadarśa saḥ ,
tamapṛcchatkimarthaṁ tvaṁ narake pacyase dvija.

10. atha tam narake ghore pacyamānam dadarśa saḥ
tam apṛcchat kimartham tvam narake pacyase dvija

10. Then he saw him being tormented in a terrible hell. He asked him, "O twice-born (dvija), why are you being tormented in hell?"

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover)

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the person in hell) (him, that)

• नरके (narake) - in hell (in hell, in the infernal region)

• घोरे (ghore) - dreadful, terrible (terrible, dreadful, awful)

• पच्यमानम् (pacyamānam) - being tormented (in hell) (being cooked, being ripened, being tormented)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he perceived)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the king, implicitly) (he, that)

• तम् (tam) - him (the tormented person) (him, that)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked (he asked, he inquired)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (why, for what purpose)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• नरके (narake) - in hell (in hell, in the infernal region)

• पच्यसे (pacyase) - you are tormented (in hell) (you are cooked, you are tormented)

• द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (dvija) (O twice-born, O Brahmin, O bird, O tooth)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the person in hell) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

नरके (narake) - in hell (in hell, in the infernal region)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, infernal region

घोरे (ghore) - dreadful, terrible (terrible, dreadful, awful)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, fearful

Note: Agrees with 'narake'.

पच्यमानम् (pacyamānam) - being tormented (in hell) (being cooked, being ripened, being tormented)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pac

pac - to cook, to ripen, to torment

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root pac (to cook, ripen, torment) with passive affix -yamāna.

Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied object 'him'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw (he saw, he perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated perfect from root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (the king, implicitly) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तम् (tam) - him (the tormented person) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Object of 'apṛcchat'.

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - he asked (he asked, he inquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prach

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Augmented imperfect from root prach.

Root: prach (class 6)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (why, for what purpose)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

नरके (narake) - in hell (in hell, in the infernal region)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, infernal region

पच्यसे (pacyase) - you are tormented (in hell) (you are cooked, you are tormented)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pac

Present tense, middle voice, 2nd person singular

Passive form derived from root pac.

Root: pac (class 1)

द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (dvija) (O twice-born, O Brahmin, O bird, O tooth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, bird, tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jan – to be born, to produce
  verb
  agent noun/nominalization
  From root jan, indicating birth. 'Twice-born' refers to the spiritual birth in addition to physical.
  Root: jan (class 4)