महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-40, verse-23

भीष्म उवाच ।
एवमेष नृपः पापः शिशुपालः सुमन्दधीः ।
त्वां समाह्वयते वीर गोविन्दवरदर्पितः ॥२३॥

23. bhīṣma uvāca ,
evameṣa nṛpaḥ pāpaḥ śiśupālaḥ sumandadhīḥ ,
tvāṁ samāhvayate vīra govindavaradarpitaḥ.

23. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca evam eṣaḥ nṛpaḥ pāpaḥ śiśupālaḥ
sumandadīḥ tvām samāhvayate vīra govindavaradarpitaḥ

23. Bhīṣma said: O hero, this sinful, extremely dull-witted King Śiśupāla indeed challenges you, arrogant due to the boon granted by Govinda.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, indeed

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - Refers to Śiśupāla (this (one), he)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - King Śiśupāla (king, ruler)

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - Referring to Śiśupāla's character (sinful, wicked, evil)

• शिशुपालः (śiśupālaḥ) - Śiśupāla (proper name)

• सुमन्ददीः (sumandadīḥ) - Describing Śiśupāla's foolishness (very dull-witted, extremely foolish)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - Referring to Kṛṣṇa (you)

• समाह्वयते (samāhvayate) - challenges, summons

• वीर (vīra) - Addressed to Kṛṣṇa (O hero)

• गोविन्दवरदर्पितः (govindavaradarpitaḥ) - Śiśupāla is proud because of Kṛṣṇa's boon to his mother for forgiving 100 offenses. (arrogant/proud due to the boon from Govinda)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a character in the Mahābhārata), terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular Perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - Refers to Śiśupāla (this (one), he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - King Śiśupāla (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √pā 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Śiśupāla.

पापः (pāpaḥ) - Referring to Śiśupāla's character (sinful, wicked, evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sinful, wicked, evil; sin, evil

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ and śiśupālaḥ.

शिशुपालः (śiśupālaḥ) - Śiśupāla (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiśupāla

śiśupāla - Śiśupāla (name of a king, Kṛṣṇa's cousin and enemy)

सुमन्ददीः (sumandadīḥ) - Describing Śiśupāla's foolishness (very dull-witted, extremely foolish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumandadī

sumandadī - very dull-witted, extremely foolish

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+manda+dhī)

• su – very, good, excellent
  indeclinable
• manda – dull, slow, feeble
  adjective
  Root: mand (class 1)
• dhī – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ and śiśupālaḥ.

त्वाम् (tvām) - Referring to Kṛṣṇa (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of samāhvayate.

समाह्वयते (samāhvayate) - challenges, summons

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āhve

Present Middle

3rd person singular Present middle of √hve with prefixes sam + ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: hve (class 1)

वीर (vīra) - Addressed to Kṛṣṇa (O hero)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

गोविन्दवरदर्पितः (govindavaradarpitaḥ) - Śiśupāla is proud because of Kṛṣṇa's boon to his mother for forgiving 100 offenses. (arrogant/proud due to the boon from Govinda)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of govindavaradarpita

govindavaradarpita - arrogant due to the boon from Govinda

Compound type : tatpurusha (govinda+varada+darpita)

• govinda – Govinda (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• varada – boon-giver, bestowing favors
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'vara' (boon) and √dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)
• darpita – made proud, arrogant, haughty
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from √dṛp 'to be proud'
  Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Agrees with nṛpaḥ, pāpaḥ, śiśupālaḥ, sumandadīḥ.