महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-40, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
चेदिराजकुले जातस्त्र्यक्ष एष चतुर्भुजः ।
रासभारावसदृशं रुराव च ननाद च ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
cedirājakule jātastryakṣa eṣa caturbhujaḥ ,
rāsabhārāvasadṛśaṁ rurāva ca nanāda ca.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca cedirājakule jātaḥ tryakṣaḥ eṣaḥ
caturbhujaḥ rāsabhārāvasadṛśam rurāva ca nanāda ca

1. Bhishma said: "This one (Śiśupāla), born in the royal family of the Cedi king, was (originally) three-eyed and four-armed. He then roared and bellowed like the braying of a donkey."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• चेदिराजकुले (cedirājakule) - in the royal family of the Cedi king

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

• त्र्यक्षः (tryakṣaḥ) - three-eyed

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - referring to Śiśupāla (this, this one)

• चतुर्भुजः (caturbhujaḥ) - four-armed

• रासभारावसदृशम् (rāsabhārāvasadṛśam) - resembling the braying of a donkey

• रुराव (rurāva) - he roared, he cried out

• च (ca) - and, also

• ननाद (nanāda) - he shouted, he bellowed, he made a loud noise

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a revered warrior in the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

Root `vac`, undergoes reduplication and vowel change.

Root: vac (class 2)

चेदिराजकुले (cedirājakule) - in the royal family of the Cedi king

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of cedirājakula

cedirājakula - the family/lineage of the Cedi king

Compound: `cedi` (Cedi) + `rāja` (king) + `kula` (family/lineage).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cedi+rājan+kula)

• cedi – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• kula – family, lineage, race, house
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location of birth.

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, become

Past Passive Participle

From root `jan` (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `eṣaḥ`.

त्र्यक्षः (tryakṣaḥ) - three-eyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tryakṣa

tryakṣa - three-eyed (an epithet of Shiva)

Compound: `tri` (three) + `akṣa` (eye).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+akṣi)

• tri – three
  numeral
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `eṣaḥ`.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - referring to Śiśupāla (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, he

Note: Subject.

चतुर्भुजः (caturbhujaḥ) - four-armed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturbhuja

caturbhuja - four-armed (an epithet of Vishnu)

Compound: `catur` (four) + `bhuja` (arm).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+bhuja)

• catur – four
  numeral
• bhuja – arm, hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `eṣaḥ`.

रासभारावसदृशम् (rāsabhārāvasadṛśam) - resembling the braying of a donkey

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rāsabhārāvasadṛśa

rāsabhārāvasadṛśa - resembling the braying sound of a donkey

Compound: `rāsabha` (donkey) + `ārāva` (braying/cry) + `sadṛśa` (resembling).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rāsabha+ārāva+sadṛśa)

• rāsabha – donkey, ass
  noun (masculine)
• ārāva – cry, sound, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ru` (to make noise) with `ā` prefix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ru (class 2)
• sadṛśa – similar, resembling, like
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to describe the manner of `rurāva` and `nanāda`.

रुराव (rurāva) - he roared, he cried out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ru

Perfect active

Root `ru` (class 2), undergoes reduplication.

Root: ru (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `rurāva` and `nanāda`.

ननाद (nanāda) - he shouted, he bellowed, he made a loud noise

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of nad

Perfect active

Root `nad` (class 1), undergoes reduplication.

Root: nad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `rurāva` and `nanāda`.