महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-2, verse-3

जनमेजय उवाच ।
केनानुशप्तास्ते वीराः क्षयं वृष्ण्यन्धका ययुः ।
भोजाश्च द्विजवर्य त्वं विस्तरेण वदस्व मे ॥३॥

3. janamejaya uvāca ,
kenānuśaptāste vīrāḥ kṣayaṁ vṛṣṇyandhakā yayuḥ ,
bhojāśca dvijavarya tvaṁ vistareṇa vadasva me.

3. janamejayaḥ uvāca kena anuśaptāḥ te vīrāḥ kṣayam vṛṣṇyandhakāḥ
yayuḥ bhojāḥ ca dvijavarya tvam vistareṇa vadasva me

3. janamejayaḥ uvāca dvijavarya tvam me vistareṇa vadasva kena
anuśaptāḥ te vīrāḥ vṛṣṇyandhakāḥ ca bhojāḥ kṣayam yayuḥ

3. Janamejaya said: By whom were those heroes, the Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas, along with the Bhojas, cursed to destruction? O best of the twice-born (dvija), please tell me in detail.

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - King Janamejaya (Janamejaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Janamejaya said (said, spoke)

• केन (kena) - by whom (by whom, by what)

• अनुशप्ताः (anuśaptāḥ) - were cursed (cursed, imprecated)

• ते (te) - those (heroes) (those, they)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes (heroes, brave men)

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - to destruction (destruction, end, ruin, decay)

• वृष्ण्यन्धकाः (vṛṣṇyandhakāḥ) - The Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went (to destruction) (they went, they reached)

• भोजाः (bhojāḥ) - The Bhojas (a Yādava clan) (The Bhojas)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• द्विजवर्य (dvijavarya) - O best of the twice-born (dvija) (O best of the twice-born (dvija), O excellent brahmin)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Vaiśaṃpāyana) (you)

• विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail (in detail, at length, extensively)

• वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell (me) (tell, speak, relate (imperative))

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - King Janamejaya (Janamejaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Name of a king, son of Parikṣit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+mejaya)

• jana – people, person, creature
  noun (masculine)
• mejaya – agitating, shaking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From √mij (मिज्) 'to shake, agitate'
  Root: mij (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Janamejaya said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Irregular perfect formation of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

केन (kena) - by whom (by whom, by what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Declension of interrogative pronoun 'kim'

Note: Used to inquire about the agent of the curse.

अनुशप्ताः (anuśaptāḥ) - were cursed (cursed, imprecated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anuśapta

anuśapta - cursed, imprecated, denounced

Past Passive Participle

From √śap (शप्) 'to curse' with upasarga anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively as a finite verb, agreeing with 'te vīrāḥ'.

ते (te) - those (heroes) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the Vṛṣṇis, Andhakas, and Bhojas.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes (heroes, brave men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Appositive to 'te'.

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - to destruction (destruction, end, ruin, decay)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, ruin, loss, end, dwelling

From √kṣi (क्षि) 'to destroy, perish, dwell'

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Object of 'yayuḥ' (went to destruction).

वृष्ण्यन्धकाः (vṛṣṇyandhakāḥ) - The Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇyandhaka

vṛṣṇyandhaka - The Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas (two Yādava clans)

Dvandva compound of Vṛṣṇi and Andhaka

Compound type : dvandva (vṛṣṇi+andhaka)

• vṛṣṇi – Name of a Yādava clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• andhaka – Name of a Yādava clan
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Part of the list of clans.

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went (to destruction) (they went, they reached)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of yā

perfect active

Perfect (Lit) form of √yā (या) 'to go'

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'te vīrāḥ vṛṣṇyandhakāḥ ca bhojāḥ'.

भोजाः (bhojāḥ) - The Bhojas (a Yādava clan) (The Bhojas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhoja

bhoja - Name of a Yādava clan; a king; a liberal person

Note: Part of the list of clans.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Bhojāḥ to Vṛṣṇyandhakāḥ.

द्विजवर्य (dvijavarya) - O best of the twice-born (dvija) (O best of the twice-born (dvija), O excellent brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijavarya

dvijavarya - best of the twice-born (brahmins), excellent brahmin

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'dvija' (twice-born) + 'varya' (excellent, best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+varya)

• dvija – twice-born (a brahmin, kshatriya, or vaishya; also a bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  From 'dvi' (two) + √jan (जन्म) 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)
• varya – excellent, best, principal, choice
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/potential passive participle
  From √vṛ (वृ) 'to choose, select'
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Addressing Vaiśaṃpāyana.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Vaiśaṃpāyana) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

Note: Subject of 'vadasva'.

विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail (in detail, at length, extensively)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vistara

vistara - extent, expanse, detail, elaboration

From 'vi-' + √stṛ (स्तृ) 'to spread'

Prefix: vi

Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Adverbial use.

वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell (me) (tell, speak, relate (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vad

imperative middle

Imperative (Loṭ) form, middle voice, from √vad (वद्) 'to speak'

Root: vad (class 1)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun

Note: Dative case, indicating recipient of the action 'tell'.