महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-2, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
कथं विनष्टा भगवन्नन्धका वृष्णिभिः सह ।
पश्यतो वासुदेवस्य भोजाश्चैव महारथाः ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
kathaṁ vinaṣṭā bhagavannandhakā vṛṣṇibhiḥ saha ,
paśyato vāsudevasya bhojāścaiva mahārathāḥ.

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca katham vinaṣṭāḥ bhagavan andhakāḥ
vṛṣṇibhiḥ saha paśyataḥ vāsudevasya bhojāḥ ca eva mahārathāḥ

1. bhagavan janamejayaḥ uvāca katham andhakāḥ ca eva mahārathāḥ
bhojāḥ vṛṣṇibhiḥ saha vāsudevasya paśyataḥ vinaṣṭāḥ

1. Janamejaya said: O revered one, how were the Andhakas, along with the Vṛṣṇis and the great warriors (mahārathāḥ) of the Bhojas, destroyed while Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) was watching?

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - King Janamejaya, the recipient of the Mahābhārata narration (Janamejaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Janamejaya said (said, spoke)

• कथम् (katham) - How (how, in what manner, why)

• विनष्टाः (vinaṣṭāḥ) - were destroyed (destroyed, ruined, lost, perished)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (addressing Vaiśaṃpāyana) (O revered one, O worshipful one, O blessed one)

• अन्धकाः (andhakāḥ) - The Andhakas (a specific Yādava clan) (The Andhakas (a Yādava clan))

• वृष्णिभिः (vṛṣṇibhiḥ) - along with the Vṛṣṇis (another Yādava clan) (by the Vṛṣṇis, with the Vṛṣṇis)

• सह (saha) - along with (with, together with)

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while Vāsudeva was watching (of one seeing, while seeing)

• वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa), referring to Lord Kṛṣṇa (of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa))

• भोजाः (bhojāḥ) - The Bhojas (a specific Yādava clan) (The Bhojas (a Yādava clan))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the previous word (indeed, only, just, certainly)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (great warriors, mighty charioteers)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - King Janamejaya, the recipient of the Mahābhārata narration (Janamejaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Name of a king, son of Parikṣit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+mejaya)

• jana – people, person, creature
  noun (masculine)
• mejaya – agitating, shaking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From √mij (मिज्) 'to shake, agitate'
  Root: mij (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Janamejaya said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Irregular perfect formation of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - How (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

विनष्टाः (vinaṣṭāḥ) - were destroyed (destroyed, ruined, lost, perished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinaṣṭa

vinaṣṭa - destroyed, ruined, lost, perished

Past Passive Participle

From √naś (नश्) 'to perish, be lost' with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Used predicatively as a finite verb, agreeing with 'andhakāḥ' and 'bhojāḥ'.

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (addressing Vaiśaṃpāyana) (O revered one, O worshipful one, O blessed one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - possessing fortune, glorious, revered, divine

Agent noun from √bhaj (भज्) 'to share, enjoy' + -vat suffix

Root: bhaj (class 1)

अन्धकाः (andhakāḥ) - The Andhakas (a specific Yādava clan) (The Andhakas (a Yādava clan))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of andhaka

andhaka - Name of a Yādava clan; a blind person

वृष्णिभिः (vṛṣṇibhiḥ) - along with the Vṛṣṇis (another Yādava clan) (by the Vṛṣṇis, with the Vṛṣṇis)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇi

vṛṣṇi - Name of a Yādava clan; a bull

Note: Used with 'saha' to mean 'together with'.

सह (saha) - along with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - while Vāsudeva was watching (of one seeing, while seeing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking

Present Active Participle

From √dṛś (दृश्) 'to see', present stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vāsudevasya'.

वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa), referring to Lord Kṛṣṇa (of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Son of Vasudeva, an epithet of Kṛṣṇa

From 'vasudeva' + 'aṇ' (patronymic suffix)

भोजाः (bhojāḥ) - The Bhojas (a specific Yādava clan) (The Bhojas (a Yādava clan))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhoja

bhoja - Name of a Yādava clan; a king; a liberal person

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizing the previous word (indeed, only, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors (great warriors, mighty charioteers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, fighter in a chariot, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From √ram (रम्) 'to delight, rejoice'
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Andhakāḥ and Bhojāḥ.