महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-2, verse-19

यश्च नोऽविदितं कुर्यात्पेयं कश्चिन्नरः क्वचित् ।
जीवन्स शूलमारोहेत्स्वयं कृत्वा सबान्धवः ॥१९॥

19. yaśca no'viditaṁ kuryātpeyaṁ kaścinnaraḥ kvacit ,
jīvansa śūlamārohetsvayaṁ kṛtvā sabāndhavaḥ.

19. yaḥ ca naḥ aviditam kuryāt peyam kaścit naraḥ kvacit
jīvan saḥ śūlam ārohet svayam kṛtvā sabāndhavaḥ

19. yaḥ ca kaścit naraḥ kvacit naḥ aviditam peyam kuryāt,
saḥ jīvan sabāndhavaḥ svayam kṛtvā śūlam ārohet

19. And any man who, anywhere, without our knowledge, prepares any intoxicating drink (peyam), he himself, while still alive, shall be impaled on a stake along with his relatives.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• च (ca) - and, also

• नः (naḥ) - without our knowledge (to us, our, of us)

• अविदितम् (aviditam) - without our knowledge (unknown, unnoticed, secretly)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - prepares (should do, should make, may do/make)

• पेयम् (peyam) - intoxicating drink (drink, anything to be drunk, beverage, intoxicating drink)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone, a certain

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere, sometimes, at some time

• जीवन् (jīvan) - while still alive (living, while living, alive)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (man)

• शूलम् (śūlam) - impaling stake (stake, spear, spike)

• आरोहेत् (ārohet) - shall be impaled (on) (should ascend, should mount, should climb upon)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, by himself, personally

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (the act of preparing) (having done, having made, by doing)

• सबान्धवः (sabāndhavaḥ) - with his relatives, accompanied by kinsfolk

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with `naraḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - without our knowledge (to us, our, of us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Here implies 'unknown to us' or 'without our knowledge'.

अविदितम् (aviditam) - without our knowledge (unknown, unnoticed, secretly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avidita

avidita - unknown, unnoticed, unperceived, secret

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Compound of 'a-' (negation) and 'vidita' (known), from root vid- 'to know'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidita)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vidita – known, understood
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vid- 'to know' with suffix -ta.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'secretly' or 'unbeknownst to us'.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - prepares (should do, should make, may do/make)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ

Optative Active

3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पेयम् (peyam) - intoxicating drink (drink, anything to be drunk, beverage, intoxicating drink)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of peya

peya - to be drunk, potable; (as noun) drink, beverage, intoxicating liquor

Gerundive

From root pā- 'to drink' with suffix -ya.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of `kuryāt`.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - anyone, someone, a certain

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain, some

Indefinite pronoun formed from kim + cit.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of `kuryāt`.

क्वचित् (kvacit) - anywhere, sometimes, at some time

(indeclinable)

Formed from kva + cit.

Note: Adverb of place or time.

जीवन् (jīvan) - while still alive (living, while living, alive)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, existing

Present Active Participle

From root jīv- 'to live' with suffix -at.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Adverbial in meaning, 'while living'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that (man)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of `ārohet`.

शूलम् (śūlam) - impaling stake (stake, spear, spike)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śūla

śūla - stake, spike, spear, spit; impaling stake (as a form of punishment)

Root: śūl (class 1)

Note: Object of `ārohet`.

आरोहेत् (ārohet) - shall be impaled (on) (should ascend, should mount, should climb upon)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ā-ruh

Optative Active

3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, by himself, personally

(indeclinable)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (the act of preparing) (having done, having made, by doing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ- 'to do, make' with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Connects the action of preparing the drink to the punishment.

सबान्धवः (sabāndhavaḥ) - with his relatives, accompanied by kinsfolk

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sabāndhava

sabāndhava - accompanied by relatives, with kinsmen

Bahuvrīhi compound with 'sa' (with) and 'bāndhava' (relative).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bāndhava)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bāndhava – relative, kinsman
  noun (masculine)