महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-16, chapter-2, verse-18

अद्य प्रभृति सर्वेषु वृष्ण्यन्धकगृहेष्विह ।
सुरासवो न कर्तव्यः सर्वैर्नगरवासिभिः ॥१८॥

18. adya prabhṛti sarveṣu vṛṣṇyandhakagṛheṣviha ,
surāsavo na kartavyaḥ sarvairnagaravāsibhiḥ.

18. adya prabhṛti sarveṣu vṛṣṇyandhakagṛheṣu iha
surāsavaḥ na kartavyaḥ sarvaiḥ nagaravāsibhiḥ

18. adya prabhṛti iha sarveṣu vṛṣṇyandhakagṛheṣu
sarvaiḥ nagaravāsibhiḥ surāsavaḥ na kartavyaḥ

18. From today onwards, in all homes of the Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas here, fermented liquor (surāsava) should not be made or consumed by any of the city residents.

Words meanings summery:

• अद्य (adya) - today

• प्रभृति (prabhṛti) - onwards, beginning from, from

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

• वृष्ण्यन्धकगृहेषु (vṛṣṇyandhakagṛheṣu) - in the houses of the Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas

• इह (iha) - here, in this place

• सुरासवः (surāsavaḥ) - liquor, wine, intoxicating drink

• न (na) - not, no

• कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - to be done, to be made, should be done/made/consumed

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

• नगरवासिभिः (nagaravāsibhiḥ) - by the city dwellers/residents

Words meanings and morphology

अद्य (adya) - today

(indeclinable)

प्रभृति (prabhṛti) - onwards, beginning from, from

(indeclinable)

From pra-bhṛ- 'to bear forth, begin'

Prefix: pra

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Used here adverbially with `adya`.

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Used here to modify `vṛṣṇyandhakagṛheṣu`.

वृष्ण्यन्धकगृहेषु (vṛṣṇyandhakagṛheṣu) - in the houses of the Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vṛṣṇyandhakagṛha

vṛṣṇyandhakagṛha - houses of Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (vṛṣṇi+andhaka+gṛha)

• vṛṣṇi – name of an ancient Yadava clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• andhaka – name of an ancient Yadava clan (related to Vṛṣṇis)
  proper noun (masculine)
• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)

Note: The locative plural ending -eṣu applies to the entire compound.

इह (iha) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

सुरासवः (surāsavaḥ) - liquor, wine, intoxicating drink

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of surāsava

surāsava - intoxicating liquor, spirituous liquor, wine (specifically referring to fermented alcoholic drinks)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (surā+āsava)

• surā – spirituous liquor, wine
  noun (feminine)
• āsava – liquor, spirituous liquor (prepared by fermentation and distillation)
  noun (masculine)
  From root su- (to press out, distil)
  Root: su (class 5)

Note: Subject of the gerundive `kartavyaḥ`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - to be done, to be made, should be done/made/consumed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, to be made, proper to be done

Gerundive

From root kṛ- 'to do, make' with suffix -tavya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Denotes obligation or propriety.

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agent for the passive gerundive `kartavyaḥ`.

नगरवासिभिः (nagaravāsibhiḥ) - by the city dwellers/residents

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nagaravāsin

nagaravāsin - city dweller, city resident

Compound of nagara (city) and vāsin (dweller, resident).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nagara+vāsin)

• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dweller, resident, inhabitant
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root vas- 'to dwell' with suffix -in.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agent for `kartavyaḥ`.