महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-46, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
तथा महात्मनस्तस्य तपस्युग्रे च वर्ततः ।
अनाथस्येव निधनं तिष्ठत्स्वस्मासु बन्धुषु ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
tathā mahātmanastasya tapasyugre ca vartataḥ ,
anāthasyeva nidhanaṁ tiṣṭhatsvasmāsu bandhuṣu.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | tathā mahātmanaḥ tasya tapasi ugre ca
vartataḥ | anāthasya iva nidhanam tiṣṭhatsu asmāsu bandhuṣu

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca tathā ugre
tapasi vartataḥ tasya mahātmanaḥ
asmāsu bandhuṣu tiṣṭhatsu api
anāthasya iva nidhanam abhavat

1. Yudhiṣṭhira spoke: "Thus, for that great-souled one who was engaged in severe asceticism (tapas), death came as if he were an orphan, even though we, his relatives, were present."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Pāṇḍu, who was great-souled (of the great-souled one)

• तस्य (tasya) - of Pāṇḍu (of him, of that)

• तपसि (tapasi) - in the practice of severe asceticism (in asceticism, in penance)

• उग्रे (ugre) - in severe asceticism (in severe, fierce)

• च (ca) - and

• वर्ततः (vartataḥ) - while he was engaged (in asceticism) (while being, while existing, while engaging)

• अनाथस्य (anāthasya) - of one without a protector, of an orphan

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, demise, destruction

• तिष्ठत्सु (tiṣṭhatsu) - while we (his relatives) were present (while standing, being present)

• अस्मासु (asmāsu) - among us, in us

• बन्धुषु (bandhuṣu) - among relatives, kinsmen

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, son of Pāṇḍu)

From yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm, steady).

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Pāṇḍu, who was great-souled (of the great-souled one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

तस्य (tasya) - of Pāṇḍu (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तपसि (tapasi) - in the practice of severe asceticism (in asceticism, in penance)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

उग्रे (ugre) - in severe asceticism (in severe, fierce)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - severe, fierce, terrible, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'tapasi'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वर्ततः (vartataḥ) - while he was engaged (in asceticism) (while being, while existing, while engaging)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vartat

vṛt - to be, to exist, to proceed, to engage in

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Present active participle, agrees with 'mahātmanaḥ tasya'.

अनाथस्य (anāthasya) - of one without a protector, of an orphan

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anātha

anātha - without a lord/protector, helpless, orphan

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nātha)

• a – not, non-, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• nātha – lord, master, protector, refuge
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, demise, destruction

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end, loss

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Could also be accusative if implied verb of movement.

तिष्ठत्सु (tiṣṭhatsu) - while we (his relatives) were present (while standing, being present)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of tiṣṭhat

sthā - to stand, to be, to remain, to exist

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Present active participle, agrees with 'asmāsu' and 'bandhuṣu'.

अस्मासु (asmāsu) - among us, in us

(pronoun)

Locative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

बन्धुषु (bandhuṣu) - among relatives, kinsmen

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend, connection

Root: bandh (class 9)