महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-32, verse-11

इयं स्वसा राजचमूपतेस्तु प्रवृद्धनीलोत्पलदामवर्णा ।
पस्पर्ध कृष्णेन नृपः सदा यो वृकोदरस्यैष परिग्रहोऽग्र्यः ॥११॥

11. iyaṁ svasā rājacamūpatestu; pravṛddhanīlotpaladāmavarṇā ,
paspardha kṛṣṇena nṛpaḥ sadā yo; vṛkodarasyaiṣa parigraho'gryaḥ.

11. iyam svasā rājacamūpateḥ tu
pravṛddhanīlotpaladāmavarṇā
paspardha kṛṣṇena nṛpaḥ sadā yaḥ
vṛkodarasya eṣaḥ parigrahaḥ agryaḥ

11. iyam svasā rājacamūpateḥ tu pravṛddhanīlotpaladāmavarṇā,
yaḥ nṛpaḥ sadā kṛṣṇena paspardha,
eṣaḥ vṛkodarasya agryaḥ parigrahaḥ

11. This (woman), whose complexion is like a garland of fully bloomed blue lotuses, is the sister of the chief of the royal army – a king who always contended with Kṛṣṇa. She is the foremost wife of Vṛkodara (Bhīma).

Words meanings summery:

• इयम् (iyam) - this woman (this (feminine nominative singular))

• स्वसा (svasā) - sister

• राजचमूपतेः (rājacamūpateḥ) - of the chief of the royal army

• तु (tu) - and (but, indeed, and, moreover)

• प्रवृद्धनीलोत्पलदामवर्णा (pravṛddhanīlotpaladāmavarṇā) - whose complexion is like a garland of fully bloomed blue lotuses

• पस्पर्ध (paspardha) - contended (competed, vied, rivaled)

• कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - with Kṛṣṇa (by Kṛṣṇa, with Kṛṣṇa)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king (king, monarch)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which (masculine nominative singular))

• वृकोदरस्य (vṛkodarasya) - of Vṛkodara (Bhīma)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to the woman) (this (masculine nominative singular))

• परिग्रहः (parigrahaḥ) - wife (taking, acceptance, wife, possession)

• अग्र्यः (agryaḥ) - foremost (foremost, chief, principal)

Words meanings and morphology

इयम् (iyam) - this woman (this (feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the woman being described.

स्वसा (svasā) - sister

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svasṛ

svasṛ - sister

Note: Predicate nominative for `iyam`.

राजचमूपतेः (rājacamūpateḥ) - of the chief of the royal army

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājacamūpati

rājacamūpati - chief of the royal army, commander of the king's forces

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rājan+camū+pati)

• rājan – king, monarch
  noun (masculine)
• camū – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `svasā` (sister of).

तु (tu) - and (but, indeed, and, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a new description.

प्रवृद्धनीलोत्पलदामवर्णा (pravṛddhanīlotpaladāmavarṇā) - whose complexion is like a garland of fully bloomed blue lotuses

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pravṛddhanīlotpaladāmavarṇā

pravṛddhanīlotpaladāmavarṇā - having the color of a garland of fully grown/bloomed blue lotuses

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (pravṛddha+nīla+utpala+dāma+varṇa)

• pravṛddha – fully grown, greatly increased, bloomed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `vṛdh` with prefix `pra`
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• nīla – blue, dark blue
  adjective (masculine)
• utpala – lotus (esp. blue lotus)
  noun (neuter)
• dāma – garland, string, chain
  noun (neuter)
• varṇa – color, complexion, caste
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `iyam`.

पस्पर्ध (paspardha) - contended (competed, vied, rivaled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of spardh

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect of root `spardh` (class 1, ātmanepada).

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Verb of the relative clause.

कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - with Kṛṣṇa (by Kṛṣṇa, with Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (a proper name); dark, black

Note: Indicates the object of contention/competition.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king (king, monarch)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch (literally 'protector of men')

From `nṛ` (man) + `pā` (to protect).

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of `paspardha`.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Relative pronoun, refers to the `nṛpaḥ` (king/commander).

वृकोदरस्य (vṛkodarasya) - of Vṛkodara (Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - Vṛkodara (an epithet of Bhīma, meaning 'wolf-bellied' or 'having a voracious appetite')

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, stomach
  noun (neuter)

Note: Possessive for `parigrahaḥ`.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (referring to the woman) (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, here referring to the previously described feminine person (grammatically masculine concord is sometimes used when the reference is to a person whose gender is understood from context).

परिग्रहः (parigrahaḥ) - wife (taking, acceptance, wife, possession)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parigraha

parigraha - taking, seizing, acceptance, possession, wife

From root `grah` with prefix `pari`.

Prefix: pari

Root: grah (class 9)

अग्र्यः (agryaḥ) - foremost (foremost, chief, principal)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agrya

agrya - foremost, chief, principal, best

Note: Agrees with `parigrahaḥ`.