महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-8

उद्रिक्तं च यदा सत्त्वमूर्ध्वस्रोतोगतं भवेत् ।
अल्पं तत्र रजो ज्ञेयं तमश्चाल्पतरं ततः ॥८॥

8. udriktaṁ ca yadā sattvamūrdhvasrotogataṁ bhavet ,
alpaṁ tatra rajo jñeyaṁ tamaścālpataraṁ tataḥ.

8. udriktam ca yadā sattvam ūrdhva-srotas-gatam bhavet
alpam tatra rajaḥ jñeyam tamaḥ ca alpataram tataḥ

8. ca yadā sattvam udriktam ūrdhva-srotas-gatam bhavet,
tatra rajaḥ alpam jñeyam,
ca tataḥ tamaḥ alpataram

8. And when purity (sattva) is predominant and has entered the upward stream, there activity (rajas) should be understood as little, and inertia (tamas) as even less than that.

Words meanings summery:

• उद्रिक्तम् (udriktam) - predominant, abundant, excessive

• च (ca) - and

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (goodness, purity, existence, reality)

• ऊर्ध्व-स्रोतस्-गतम् (ūrdhva-srotas-gatam) - gone to the upward stream, entered the ascending flow

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

• अल्पम् (alpam) - little, small, trifling

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that case

• रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of activity (rajas) (dust, passion, activity)

• ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - should be known, is to be known, understandable

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

• च (ca) - and

• अल्पतरम् (alpataram) - even smaller, less than that (comparative)

• ततः (tataḥ) - than that (than rajas) (from that, thence, than that)

Words meanings and morphology

उद्रिक्तम् (udriktam) - predominant, abundant, excessive

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udrikta

udrikta - excessive, abundant, prominent, outstanding

Past Passive Participle

From ud-√ric (to pour out, to leave, to excel)

Prefix: ud

Root: ric (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'sattvam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (goodness, purity, existence, reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, existence, reality, essence, spirit, true being

ऊर्ध्व-स्रोतस्-गतम् (ūrdhva-srotas-gatam) - gone to the upward stream, entered the ascending flow

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ūrdhva-srotas-gata

ūrdhva-srotas-gata - gone to the upward stream, entered the ascending flow (referring to the flow of guṇas)

Compound of ūrdhva-srotas and gata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ūrdhva-srotas+gata)

• ūrdhva-srotas – upward stream, ascending flow
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of ūrdhva and srotas
• gata – gone, entered, obtained, reached
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sattvam'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √bhū

Optative Mood 3rd singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

अल्पम् (alpam) - little, small, trifling

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - little, small, trifling, few, short

Note: Agrees with 'rajaḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that case

(indeclinable)

रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of activity (rajas) (dust, passion, activity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, passion, activity, impurity, defilement, the middle quality (guṇa)

ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - should be known, is to be known, understandable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, comprehensible

Gerundive

From √jñā (to know) with suffix -eya

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'rajaḥ' and implicitly 'tamaḥ'.

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, inertia, ignorance, obscurity, distress

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अल्पतरम् (alpataram) - even smaller, less than that (comparative)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpatara

alpatara - smaller, lesser, more trifling (comparative degree of alpa)

Comparative suffix -tara added to alpa

Note: Agrees with 'tamaḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - than that (than rajas) (from that, thence, than that)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base tad with -tas suffix