महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-7

उद्रिक्तं च रजो यत्र मध्यस्रोतोगतं भवेत् ।
अल्पं तत्र तमो ज्ञेयं सत्त्वं चाल्पतरं ततः ॥७॥

7. udriktaṁ ca rajo yatra madhyasrotogataṁ bhavet ,
alpaṁ tatra tamo jñeyaṁ sattvaṁ cālpataraṁ tataḥ.

7. udriktam ca rajaḥ yatra madhya-srotas-gatam bhavet
alpam tatra tamaḥ jñeyam sattvam ca alpataram tataḥ

7. ca yatra rajaḥ udriktam madhya-srotas-gatam bhavet,
tatra tamaḥ alpam jñeyam,
ca tataḥ sattvam alpataram

7. And where activity (rajas) is predominant and has entered the middle stream, there inertia (tamas) should be understood as little, and purity (sattva) as even less than that.

Words meanings summery:

• उद्रिक्तम् (udriktam) - predominant, abundant, excessive

• च (ca) - and

• रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of activity (rajas) (dust, passion, activity)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which

• मध्य-स्रोतस्-गतम् (madhya-srotas-gatam) - gone to the middle stream, entered the middle flow

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

• अल्पम् (alpam) - little, small, trifling

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that case

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

• ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - should be known, is to be known, understandable

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (goodness, purity, existence, reality)

• च (ca) - and

• अल्पतरम् (alpataram) - even smaller, less than that (comparative)

• ततः (tataḥ) - than that (than tamas) (from that, thence, than that)

Words meanings and morphology

उद्रिक्तम् (udriktam) - predominant, abundant, excessive

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udrikta

udrikta - excessive, abundant, prominent, outstanding

Past Passive Participle

From ud-√ric (to pour out, to leave, to excel)

Prefix: ud

Root: ric (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'rajaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of activity (rajas) (dust, passion, activity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, passion, activity, impurity, defilement, the middle quality (guṇa)

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which

(indeclinable)

मध्य-स्रोतस्-गतम् (madhya-srotas-gatam) - gone to the middle stream, entered the middle flow

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of madhya-srotas-gata

madhya-srotas-gata - gone to the middle stream, entered the middle flow (referring to the flow of guṇas)

Compound of madhya-srotas and gata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhya-srotas+gata)

• madhya-srotas – middle stream
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of madhya and srotas
• gata – gone, entered, obtained, reached
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rajaḥ'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √bhū

Optative Mood 3rd singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

अल्पम् (alpam) - little, small, trifling

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - little, small, trifling, few, short

Note: Agrees with 'tamaḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that case

(indeclinable)

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, inertia, ignorance, obscurity, distress

ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - should be known, is to be known, understandable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, comprehensible

Gerundive

From √jñā (to know) with suffix -eya

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'tamaḥ' and implicitly 'sattvam'.

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (goodness, purity, existence, reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, existence, reality, essence, spirit, true being

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अल्पतरम् (alpataram) - even smaller, less than that (comparative)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpatara

alpatara - smaller, lesser, more trifling (comparative degree of alpa)

Comparative suffix -tara added to alpa

Note: Agrees with 'sattvam'.

ततः (tataḥ) - than that (than tamas) (from that, thence, than that)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base tad with -tas suffix