महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-17

स्थावरेषु च भूतेषु तिर्यग्भावगतं तमः ।
राजसास्तु विवर्तन्ते स्नेहभावस्तु सात्त्विकः ॥१७॥

17. sthāvareṣu ca bhūteṣu tiryagbhāvagataṁ tamaḥ ,
rājasāstu vivartante snehabhāvastu sāttvikaḥ.

17. sthāvareṣu ca bhūteṣu tiryagbhāvagataṃ tamaḥ |
rājasāḥ tu vivartante snehabhāvaḥ tu sāttvikaḥ

17. tamaḥ sthāvareṣu ca bhūteṣu tiryagbhāvagataṃ
rājasāḥ tu vivartante snehabhāvaḥ tu sāttvikaḥ

17. Among stationary beings and creatures, the quality of inertia (tamas) manifests as a dull, lower state of existence. Those dominated by the quality of passion (rajas) engage in various activities, while the sentiment of affection is characteristic of the quality of goodness (sattva).

Words meanings summery:

• स्थावरेषु (sthāvareṣu) - among immobile beings (like plants, stones) (among stationary ones, among immobile things)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among creatures (animate beings) (among beings, among creatures, among elements)

• तिर्यग्भावगतं (tiryagbhāvagataṁ) - manifesting as a dull, lower state of existence (having gone to the state of an animal/obliqueness, having reached a lower state)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, the quality of inertia)

• राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - those dominated by the quality of passion (rajas) (rajasic ones, those with the quality of rajas)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• विवर्तन्ते (vivartante) - engage in various activities (they turn, they revolve, they act, they manifest)

• स्नेहभावः (snehabhāvaḥ) - the sentiment of affection (feeling of affection, love, tenderness)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• सात्त्विकः (sāttvikaḥ) - characteristic of the quality of goodness (sattva) (sattvic, pure, good, related to sattva)

Words meanings and morphology

स्थावरेषु (sthāvareṣu) - among immobile beings (like plants, stones) (among stationary ones, among immobile things)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of sthāvara

sthāvara - stationary, immobile, fixed, firm

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among creatures (animate beings) (among beings, among creatures, among elements)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to living beings, here distinct from 'sthāvareṣu'.

तिर्यग्भावगतं (tiryagbhāvagataṁ) - manifesting as a dull, lower state of existence (having gone to the state of an animal/obliqueness, having reached a lower state)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tiryagbhāvagata

tiryagbhāvagata - gone to the state of an animal or oblique condition, having attained a lower state

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tiryak+bhāva+gata)

• tiryak – animal, crosswise, oblique, horizontal
  adjective
• bhāva – state, condition, existence, nature, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• gata – gone, reached, attained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, the quality of inertia)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, the quality of inertia, dullness

राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - those dominated by the quality of passion (rajas) (rajasic ones, those with the quality of rajas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājasa

rājasa - passionate, active, related to rajas

Derived from rajas (passion, activity)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

विवर्तन्ते (vivartante) - engage in various activities (they turn, they revolve, they act, they manifest)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vivṛt

present tense

Root vṛt, with prefix vi. Ātmanepada form.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

स्नेहभावः (snehabhāvaḥ) - the sentiment of affection (feeling of affection, love, tenderness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of snehabhāva

snehabhāva - state of affection, feeling of love, tenderness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sneha+bhāva)

• sneha – affection, love, tenderness, oil, fat
  noun (masculine)
• bhāva – state, condition, existence, feeling, sentiment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

सात्त्विकः (sāttvikaḥ) - characteristic of the quality of goodness (sattva) (sattvic, pure, good, related to sattva)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāttvika

sāttvika - related to sattva, pure, good, virtuous, tranquil

Derived from sattva (goodness, purity, existence)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'snehabhāvaḥ'.