महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-6

व्यतिरिक्तं तमो यत्र तिर्यग्भावगतं भवेत् ।
अल्पं तत्र रजो ज्ञेयं सत्त्वं चाल्पतरं ततः ॥६॥

6. vyatiriktaṁ tamo yatra tiryagbhāvagataṁ bhavet ,
alpaṁ tatra rajo jñeyaṁ sattvaṁ cālpataraṁ tataḥ.

6. vyatiriktam tamaḥ yatra tiryag-bhāva-gatam bhavet
alpam tatra rajaḥ jñeyam sattvam ca alpataram tataḥ

6. yatra tamaḥ vyatiriktam tiryag-bhāva-gatam bhavet,
tatra rajaḥ alpam jñeyam,
ca tataḥ sattvam alpataram

6. Where inertia (tamas) is predominant and has entered the transverse state (tiryag-bhāva), there activity (rajas) should be understood as little, and purity (sattva) as even less than that.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यतिरिक्तम् (vyatiriktam) - excessive, predominant, abundant

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which

• तिर्यग्-भाव-गतम् (tiryag-bhāva-gatam) - gone to the transverse state, entered the horizontal mode

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

• अल्पम् (alpam) - little, small, trifling

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that case

• रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of activity (rajas) (dust, passion, activity)

• ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - should be known, is to be known, understandable

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (goodness, purity, existence, reality)

• च (ca) - and

• अल्पतरम् (alpataram) - even smaller, less than that (comparative)

• ततः (tataḥ) - than that (than rajas) (from that, thence, than that)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यतिरिक्तम् (vyatiriktam) - excessive, predominant, abundant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatirikta

vyatirikta - excessive, abundant, superfluous, distinguished, separated

Past Passive Participle

From vi-ati-√ric

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: ric (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'tamaḥ'.

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (darkness, inertia, ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, inertia, ignorance, obscurity, distress

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which

(indeclinable)

तिर्यग्-भाव-गतम् (tiryag-bhāva-gatam) - gone to the transverse state, entered the horizontal mode

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tiryag-bhāva-gata

tiryag-bhāva-gata - gone to the transverse state, entered the horizontal mode (referring to the flow of guṇas)

Compound of tiryag-bhāva and gata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tiryag-bhāva+gata)

• tiryag-bhāva – transverse state, horizontal existence, perverse state
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of tiryak and bhāva
• gata – gone, entered, obtained, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tamaḥ'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √bhū

Optative Mood 3rd singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

अल्पम् (alpam) - little, small, trifling

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - little, small, trifling, few, short

Note: Agrees with 'rajaḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that case

(indeclinable)

रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of activity (rajas) (dust, passion, activity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, passion, activity, impurity, defilement, the middle quality (guṇa)

ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - should be known, is to be known, understandable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, comprehensible

Gerundive

From √jñā (to know) with suffix -eya

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'rajaḥ' and implicitly 'sattvam'.

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (goodness, purity, existence, reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, existence, reality, essence, spirit, true being

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अल्पतरम् (alpataram) - even smaller, less than that (comparative)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpatara

alpatara - smaller, lesser, more trifling (comparative degree of alpa)

Comparative suffix -tara added to alpa

Note: Agrees with 'sattvam'.

ततः (tataḥ) - than that (than rajas) (from that, thence, than that)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base tad with -tas suffix