महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-1

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
नैव शक्या गुणा वक्तुं पृथक्त्वेनेह सर्वशः ।
अविच्छिन्नानि दृश्यन्ते रजः सत्त्वं तमस्तथा ॥१॥

1. brahmovāca ,
naiva śakyā guṇā vaktuṁ pṛthaktveneha sarvaśaḥ ,
avicchinnāni dṛśyante rajaḥ sattvaṁ tamastathā.

1. brahmā uvāca na eva śakyāḥ guṇāḥ vaktum pṛthaktvena iha
sarvaśaḥ avicchināni dṛśyante rajaḥ sattvam tamaḥ tathā

1. brahmā uvāca iha guṇāḥ pṛthaktvena sarvaśaḥ vaktum na eva śakyāḥ,
tathā rajaḥ sattvam tamaḥ avicchināni dṛśyante

1. Brahmā said: Indeed, it is not possible to describe these qualities (guṇas) entirely separately here, for `rajas`, `sattva`, and `tamas` are always perceived as indivisible.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - possible, capable

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the three material qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas) (qualities, attributes)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to describe, to tell

• पृथक्त्वेन (pṛthaktvena) - separately, by separation

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, in all respects

• अविच्छिनानि (avicchināni) - undivided, inseparable, continuous

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear, are perceived

• रजः (rajaḥ) - one of the three qualities (guṇas) of material nature (passion, activity, the quality of `rajas`)

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - one of the three qualities (guṇas) of material nature (goodness, purity, existence, the quality of `sattva`)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - one of the three qualities (guṇas) of material nature (darkness, ignorance, inertia, the quality of `tamas`)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator god), the Absolute, sacred knowledge, priest

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

शक्याः (śakyāḥ) - possible, capable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, fit to be done

Gerundive

From root śak (to be able) with -ya suffix

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with guṇāḥ, although grammatically it could be feminine depending on the interpretation of the unstated noun.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the three material qualities (sattva, rajas, tamas) (qualities, attributes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent (of prakṛti), rope

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to describe, to tell

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पृथक्त्वेन (pṛthaktvena) - separately, by separation

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pṛthaktva

pṛthaktva - separateness, individuality, distinction

From pṛthak (separate) + -tva (suffix for abstract noun)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - entirely, completely, in all respects

(indeclinable)

From sarva (all) + -śaḥ (suffix for 'in every way')

अविच्छिनानि (avicchināni) - undivided, inseparable, continuous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of avicchinna

avicchinna - undivided, uninterrupted, continuous, inseparable

Past Passive Participle

a- (negative prefix) + vi- (prefix) + √chid (to cut) + -na (suffix)

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (rajaḥ, sattvam, tamaḥ).

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear, are perceived

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रजः (rajaḥ) - one of the three qualities (guṇas) of material nature (passion, activity, the quality of `rajas`)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, passion, activity, the quality of rajas

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - one of the three qualities (guṇas) of material nature (goodness, purity, existence, the quality of `sattva`)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, essence, reality, existence, the quality of sattva

तमः (tamaḥ) - one of the three qualities (guṇas) of material nature (darkness, ignorance, inertia, the quality of `tamas`)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, the quality of tamas

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, and

(indeclinable)