महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-18

अहस्त्रिधा तु विज्ञेयं त्रिधा रात्रिर्विधीयते ।
मासार्धमासवर्षाणि ऋतवः संधयस्तथा ॥१८॥

18. ahastridhā tu vijñeyaṁ tridhā rātrirvidhīyate ,
māsārdhamāsavarṣāṇi ṛtavaḥ saṁdhayastathā.

18. ahaḥ tridhā tu vijñeyaṃ tridhā rātriḥ vidhīyate
| māsārdhamāsavarṣāṇi ṛtavaḥ saṃdhayaḥ tathā

18. ahaḥ tu tridhā vijñeyaṃ rātriḥ tridhā vidhīyate
māsārdhamāsavarṣāṇi ṛtavaḥ saṃdhayaḥ tathā

18. A day should indeed be understood as having three divisions, and a night is similarly ordained with three parts. Months, half-months, years, seasons, and their junctures are likewise structured.

Words meanings summery:

• अहः (ahaḥ) - a day (day)

• त्रिधा (tridhā) - as having three divisions (in three ways, three-fold, in three parts)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• विज्ञेयं (vijñeyaṁ) - to be understood (to be known, understandable)

• त्रिधा (tridhā) - with three parts (in three ways, three-fold, in three parts)

• रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - a night (night)

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is similarly ordained (is ordained, is made, is arranged, is prescribed)

• मासार्धमासवर्षाणि (māsārdhamāsavarṣāṇi) - months, half-months, years (months, half-months, and years)

• ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - seasons

• संधयः (saṁdhayaḥ) - their junctures (junctures, conjunctions, unions)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, similarly, also)

Words meanings and morphology

अहः (ahaḥ) - a day (day)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day, daylight

Irregular stem.

त्रिधा (tridhā) - as having three divisions (in three ways, three-fold, in three parts)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dhā from tri (three)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

विज्ञेयं (vijñeyaṁ) - to be understood (to be known, understandable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, knowable, understandable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root jñā (to know) with prefix vi. Suffix -eya.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

त्रिधा (tridhā) - with three parts (in three ways, three-fold, in three parts)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dhā from tri (three)

रात्रिः (rātriḥ) - a night (night)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is similarly ordained (is ordained, is made, is arranged, is prescribed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vidhā

Present tense, passive voice

From root dhā (to place, do) with prefix vi. Passive form.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

मासार्धमासवर्षाणि (māsārdhamāsavarṣāṇi) - months, half-months, years (months, half-months, and years)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of māsārdhamāsavarṣa

māsārdhamāsavarṣa - months, half-months, and years (dvandva compound of māsa, ardhamāsa, varṣa)

Compound type : dvandva (māsa+ardhamāsa+varṣa)

• māsa – month, moon
  noun (masculine)
• ardhamāsa – half-month, fortnight
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of ardha (half) and māsa (month)
• varṣa – year, rain, monsoon
  noun (neuter)

ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - seasons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, fixed time, period

u-stem masculine noun.

संधयः (saṁdhayaḥ) - their junctures (junctures, conjunctions, unions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃdhi

saṁdhi - junction, union, connection, interval, peace

From root dhā (to place) with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the transition points between seasons, months, etc.

तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, similarly, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the list to the preceding statements.