महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-15

प्राकाश्यं सत्त्वमादित्ये संतापो राजसो गुणः ।
उपप्लवस्तु विज्ञेयस्तामसस्तस्य पर्वसु ॥१५॥

15. prākāśyaṁ sattvamāditye saṁtāpo rājaso guṇaḥ ,
upaplavastu vijñeyastāmasastasya parvasu.

15. prākāśyam sattvam āditye saṃtāpaḥ rājasaḥ guṇaḥ
upaplavaḥ tu vijñeyaḥ tāmasaḥ tasya parvasu

15. āditye prākāśyam sattvam saṃtāpaḥ rājasaḥ guṇaḥ
tu tasya parvasu upaplavaḥ tāmasaḥ vijñeyaḥ

15. The luminosity in the sun is purity (sattva), and its heat is the quality of passion (rajas). However, a disturbance (upaplava) at its junctions (parvasu) should be known as ignorance (tamas).

Words meanings summery:

• प्राकाश्यम् (prākāśyam) - luminosity, manifestation, clarity

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (goodness, purity, reality, existence, mode of goodness)

• आदित्ये (āditye) - in the sun (in the sun, concerning the sun)

• संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - heat (of the sun) (heat, torment, suffering)

• राजसः (rājasaḥ) - pertaining to the quality of passion (rajas) (rajasic, pertaining to rajas, passionate)

• गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality (guṇa) (quality, attribute, strand, secondary aspect)

• उपप्लवः (upaplavaḥ) - a calamity or disturbance (like an eclipse) (calamity, disturbance, eclipse)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be known, understandable

• तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - pertaining to the quality of ignorance (tamas) (tamasic, pertaining to tamas, ignorant)

• तस्य (tasya) - its (referring to the sun) (its, of it, of him)

• पर्वसु (parvasu) - on its specific junctures (e.g., eclipses) (on junctures, on occasions, on holidays)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राकाश्यम् (prākāśyam) - luminosity, manifestation, clarity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prākāśya

prākāśya - luminosity, brilliance, manifestation, clarity

from prakāśa (light, manifestation) with suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (goodness, purity, reality, existence, mode of goodness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - existence, reality, essence, spirit, goodness, purity, the mode of goodness (guṇa)

Root: as (class 2)

आदित्ये (āditye) - in the sun (in the sun, concerning the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - sun, son of Aditi, a god

संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - heat (of the sun) (heat, torment, suffering)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtāpa

saṁtāpa - heat, torment, suffering, affliction

from root tap with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

राजसः (rājasaḥ) - pertaining to the quality of passion (rajas) (rajasic, pertaining to rajas, passionate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājasa

rājasa - passionate, fiery, pertaining to rajas

from rajas (dust, passion)

गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality (guṇa) (quality, attribute, strand, secondary aspect)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, strand (of prakṛti), secondary quality, merit

उपप्लवः (upaplavaḥ) - a calamity or disturbance (like an eclipse) (calamity, disturbance, eclipse)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaplava

upaplava - calamity, misfortune, disturbance, eclipse, flood

from root plu (to float) with upasargas upa + pra

Prefixes: upa+pra

Root: plu (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be known, understandable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, comprehensible, understandable

gerundive

from root jñā with upasarga vi + suffix -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - pertaining to the quality of ignorance (tamas) (tamasic, pertaining to tamas, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāmasa

tāmasa - dark, ignorant, pertaining to tamas

from tamas (darkness, ignorance)

तस्य (tasya) - its (referring to the sun) (its, of it, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

पर्वसु (parvasu) - on its specific junctures (e.g., eclipses) (on junctures, on occasions, on holidays)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of parvan

parvan - knot, joint, section, juncture, period, occasion (e.g. of eclipse)