महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-12

दूरादपि हि दृश्यन्ते सहिताः संघचारिणः ।
तमः सत्त्वं रजश्चैव पृथक्त्वं नानुशुश्रुम ॥१२॥

12. dūrādapi hi dṛśyante sahitāḥ saṁghacāriṇaḥ ,
tamaḥ sattvaṁ rajaścaiva pṛthaktvaṁ nānuśuśruma.

12. dūrāt api hi dṛśyante sahitāḥ saṁghacāriṇaḥ tamaḥ
sattvam rajaḥ ca eva pṛthaktvam na anuśuśruma

12. saṁghacāriṇaḥ hi dūrāt api sahitāḥ dṛśyante tamaḥ
sattvam rajaḥ ca eva pṛthaktvam na anuśuśruma

12. Indeed, even from afar, those who move in groups appear united. However, we have not heard of the qualities of ignorance (tamas), purity (sattva), and passion (rajas) existing separately.

Words meanings summery:

• दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar (from afar, from a distance)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too, moreover)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they appear (they are seen, they appear)

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - united (accompanied, joined, united, together)

• संघचारिणः (saṁghacāriṇaḥ) - those who move in groups (moving in groups, associating in groups, companions)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of ignorance (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, the quality of ignorance (one of the three guṇas))

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (purity, goodness, being, reality, essence, the quality of purity (one of the three guṇas))

• रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of passion (rajas) (dust, impurity, passion, the quality of passion (one of the three guṇas))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - (emphatic particle) (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• पृथक्त्वम् (pṛthaktvam) - separateness (distinctness, separateness, individuality)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अनुशुश्रुम (anuśuśruma) - we have heard (of) (we have heard, we have learned)

Words meanings and morphology

दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar (from afar, from a distance)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular, used adverbially.

Root: dūr (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they appear (they are seen, they appear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present passive (or middle)

Root dṛś (to see), passive voice, middle ending.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - united (accompanied, joined, united, together)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, joined with, united, together

Past Passive Participle

From sa-hita (with + placed), or from sah (to be able).

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā / sah (class 3)

संघचारिणः (saṁghacāriṇaḥ) - those who move in groups (moving in groups, associating in groups, companions)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṁghacārin

saṁghacārin - moving in groups, accompanying, fellow-traveller

agent noun

Compound. saṁgha (group) + cārin (moving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṁgha+cārin)

• saṁgha – assemblage, community, group, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)
• cārin – moving, going, practicing, performing, an associate
  adjective
  agent noun
  From root car (to move, wander) + in suffix.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of ignorance (tamas) (darkness, ignorance, the quality of ignorance (one of the three guṇas))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, the quality of inertia/darkness (one of the three guṇas)

Root: tam (class 4)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of purity (sattva) (purity, goodness, being, reality, essence, the quality of purity (one of the three guṇas))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - essence, existence, reality, being, the quality of purity, goodness (one of the three guṇas)

Root: as (class 2)

रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of passion (rajas) (dust, impurity, passion, the quality of passion (one of the three guṇas))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, vapor, impurity, passion, activity, the quality of passion/activity (one of the three guṇas)

Root: rañj (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - (emphatic particle) (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

पृथक्त्वम् (pṛthaktvam) - separateness (distinctness, separateness, individuality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pṛthaktva

pṛthaktva - separateness, distinctness, individuality

From pṛthak (separate) + tva (suffix forming abstract nouns).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अनुशुश्रुम (anuśuśruma) - we have heard (of) (we have heard, we have learned)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of anuśru

perfect active

From root śru (to hear) with anu prefix, perfect tense. First person plural.

Prefix: anu

Root: śru (class 5)