महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-23

अनुद्रिक्तमनूनं च ह्यकम्पमचलं ध्रुवम् ।
सदसच्चैव तत्सर्वमव्यक्तं त्रिगुणं स्मृतम् ।
ज्ञेयानि नामधेयानि नरैरध्यात्मचिन्तकैः ॥२३॥

23. anudriktamanūnaṁ ca hyakampamacalaṁ dhruvam ,
sadasaccaiva tatsarvamavyaktaṁ triguṇaṁ smṛtam ,
jñeyāni nāmadheyāni narairadhyātmacintakaiḥ.

23. anudriktam anūnam ca hi akampam acalam
dhruvam | sat asat ca eva tat sarvam
avyaktam triguṇam smṛtam | jñeyāni
nāmadheyāni naraiḥ adhyātma-cintakaiḥ

23. hi anudriktam ca anūnam akampam acalam
dhruvam tat sarvam avyaktam sat
asat ca eva triguṇam smṛtam adhyātma-cintakaiḥ
naraiḥ nāmadheyāni jñeyāni

23. (The unmanifest is) indeed not excessive, not deficient, unshaken, unmoving, and firm. That entire unmanifest (prakṛti), which is both existent and non-existent and composed of three qualities (guṇas), is declared (as such). These names should be known by spiritual thinkers.

Words meanings summery:

• अनुद्रिक्तम् (anudriktam) - not excessive (not excessive, not redundant)

• अनूनम् (anūnam) - not deficient (not deficient, not less)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• हि (hi) - indeed (certainly, indeed, because)

• अकम्पम् (akampam) - unshaken (unshaken, firm)

• अचलम् (acalam) - unmoving (unmoving, fixed, mountain)

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - firm (firm, constant, fixed, polar star)

• सत् (sat) - existent (existent, real, good)

• असत् (asat) - non-existent (non-existent, unreal, bad)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed (just, only, indeed, alone)

• तत् (tat) - that (refers to the unmanifest) (that, therefore)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of it) (all, everything)

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest (prakṛti) (the unmanifest (neuter))

• त्रिगुणम् (triguṇam) - composed of three qualities (guṇas) (composed of three qualities, having three strands)

• स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is declared (to be) (remembered, declared, taught)

• ज्ञेयानि (jñeyāni) - should be known (to be known, knowable)

• नामधेयानि (nāmadheyāni) - these names (names, appellations)

• नरैः (naraiḥ) - by persons (by men, by people)

• अध्यात्म-चिन्तकैः (adhyātma-cintakaiḥ) - by spiritual thinkers (by those who contemplate the self, by spiritual thinkers)

Words meanings and morphology

अनुद्रिक्तम् (anudriktam) - not excessive (not excessive, not redundant)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anudrikta

anudrikta - not excessive, not redundant, not overflowing

Past Passive Participle

From an- (negative) + ut- (up) + √ric (to leave, abandon).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+udrikta)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• udrikta – excessive, abundant, prominent
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From ut- + √ric.
  Prefix: ut
  Root: ric (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'avyaktam' (implied subject).

अनूनम् (anūnam) - not deficient (not deficient, not less)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anūna

anūna - not deficient, not less, complete, full

From an- (negative) + ūna (deficient).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ūna)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• ūna – deficient, less, lacking
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √ūna (to lack).
  Root: ūna (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'avyaktam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (certainly, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अकम्पम् (akampam) - unshaken (unshaken, firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akampa

akampa - unshaken, firm, motionless

From a- (negative) + kampa (trembling, shaking).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kampa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• kampa – trembling, shaking
  noun (masculine)
  From √kamp (to tremble).
  Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'avyaktam'.

अचलम् (acalam) - unmoving (unmoving, fixed, mountain)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of acala

acala - unmoving, fixed, steady; mountain

From a- (negative) + cala (moving).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• cala – moving, unsteady
  adjective
  From √cal (to move).
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'avyaktam'.

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - firm (firm, constant, fixed, polar star)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhruva

dhruva - firm, fixed, constant, certain, eternal; the polar star

From √dhru (to be firm).

Root: dhru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'avyaktam'.

सत् (sat) - existent (existent, real, good)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - existent, real, true, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

From √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound 'sad-asat'.

असत् (asat) - non-existent (non-existent, unreal, bad)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, bad

Present Active Participle

From a- (negative) + √as (to be).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• sat – existent, real
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From √as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of the compound 'sad-asat'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (just, only, indeed, alone)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तत् (tat) - that (refers to the unmanifest) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the subject being described.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (of it) (all, everything)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'avyaktam' and 'tat'.

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - the unmanifest (prakṛti) (the unmanifest (neuter))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifest, unrevealed, indistinct, primal matter (prakṛti)

Past Passive Participle

From a- + vi- + √añj. Used as a neuter noun here, referring to prakṛti.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vyakta – manifest, clear, distinct
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi- + √añj.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añj (class 7)

Note: The main subject being described by the preceding adjectives.

त्रिगुणम् (triguṇam) - composed of three qualities (guṇas) (composed of three qualities, having three strands)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of triguṇa

triguṇa - having three qualities, threefold, composed of three strands

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+guṇa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'avyaktam'.

स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is declared (to be) (remembered, declared, taught)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, declared, traditional

Past Passive Participle

From √smṛ (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate participle for 'avyaktam', indicating 'is remembered/declared'.

ज्ञेयानि (jñeyāni) - should be known (to be known, knowable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, discernible

Gerundive

From √jñā (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'nāmadheyāni'.

नामधेयानि (nāmadheyāni) - these names (names, appellations)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of nāmadheya

nāmadheya - name, appellation, designation

Note: Subject of the clause 'should be known'.

नरैः (naraiḥ) - by persons (by men, by people)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, male, human being

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'jñeyāni'.

अध्यात्म-चिन्तकैः (adhyātma-cintakaiḥ) - by spiritual thinkers (by those who contemplate the self, by spiritual thinkers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of adhyātma-cintaka

adhyātma-cintaka - contemplator of the self/spirit, spiritual thinker

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhyātma+cintaka)

• adhyātma – pertaining to the self, spiritual, inner self
  noun (neuter)
  From adhi- + ātman.
  Prefix: adhi
• cintaka – thinker, contemplator
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √cit (to think).
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'naraiḥ'.