महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-20

भूतं भव्यं भविष्यच्च धर्मोऽर्थः काम इत्यपि ।
प्राणापानावुदानश्चाप्येत एव त्रयो गुणाः ॥२०॥

20. bhūtaṁ bhavyaṁ bhaviṣyacca dharmo'rthaḥ kāma ityapi ,
prāṇāpānāvudānaścāpyeta eva trayo guṇāḥ.

20. bhūtaṃ bhavyaṃ bhaviṣyat ca dharmaḥ arthaḥ kāmaḥ iti
api | prāṇāpānau udānaḥ ca api ete eva trayaḥ guṇāḥ

20. bhūtaṃ bhavyaṃ bhaviṣyat ca dharmaḥ arthaḥ kāmaḥ iti
api prāṇāpānau udānaḥ ca api ete eva trayaḥ guṇāḥ

20. The past, the present, and the future, as well as natural law (dharma), purpose, and desire, along with the vital breaths prana, apana, and udana—these, indeed, are the three qualities (guṇas).

Words meanings summery:

• भूतं (bhūtaṁ) - the past (the past, that which has been, a being)

• भव्यं (bhavyaṁ) - the present (what is becoming/being) (the future, what will be, auspicious, good)

• भविष्यत् (bhaviṣyat) - the future (the future, what will be)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose (purpose, meaning, wealth, object, goal)

• कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire (desire, pleasure, love)

• इति (iti) - as well as (thus, so, and so forth, as such)

• अपि (api) - as well as (also, even, too)

• प्राणापानौ (prāṇāpānau) - the vital breaths prana, apana (prana and apana (two vital breaths))

• उदानः (udānaḥ) - udana (udana (a vital breath))

• च (ca) - along with (and, also)

• अपि (api) - along with (also, even, too)

• एते (ete) - these (these (masculine plural))

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, certainly)

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes, strands)

Words meanings and morphology

भूतं (bhūtaṁ) - the past (the past, that which has been, a being)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhūta

bhūta - past, happened, being, element

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

भव्यं (bhavyaṁ) - the present (what is becoming/being) (the future, what will be, auspicious, good)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhavya

bhavya - future, what will be, that which is to be, auspicious, good

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root bhū (to be, become). Suffix -ya.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: In context of time, `bhūta` (past), `bhavya` (present/what is becoming), `bhaviṣyat` (future).

भविष्यत् (bhaviṣyat) - the future (the future, what will be)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaviṣyat

bhaviṣyat - future, what will be, about to be

Future Active Participle

From root bhū (to be, become). Suffix -śyat.

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, essential nature

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose (purpose, meaning, wealth, object, goal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, goal, wealth, material prosperity

कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire (desire, pleasure, love)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, longing, pleasure, love

From root kam (to desire).

Root: kam (class 1)

इति (iti) - as well as (thus, so, and so forth, as such)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - as well as (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

प्राणापानौ (prāṇāpānau) - the vital breaths prana, apana (prana and apana (two vital breaths))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prāṇāpāna

prāṇāpāna - prana and apana (a dvandva compound)

Compound type : dvandva (prāṇa+apāna)

• prāṇa – vital breath, life-force, out-breathing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• apāna – downward vital breath, in-breathing, excretion
  noun (masculine)
  From root an (to breathe) with prefix apa.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: an (class 2)

उदानः (udānaḥ) - udana (udana (a vital breath))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udāna

udāna - upward vital breath, vital breath responsible for speech and effort

From root an (to breathe) with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: an (class 2)

च (ca) - along with (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - along with (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - these (these (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, these

Note: Refers to `bhūtaṃ bhavyaṃ bhaviṣyat`, `dharmaḥ arthaḥ kāmaḥ`, and `prāṇāpānau udānaḥ` collectively.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Particle of emphasis.

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes, strands)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, strand (of rope), constituent of nature