महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-39, verse-10

ऊर्ध्वं गच्छन्ति सत्त्वस्था मध्ये तिष्ठन्ति राजसाः ।
जघन्यगुणसंयुक्ता यान्त्यधस्तामसा जनाः ॥१०॥

10. ūrdhvaṁ gacchanti sattvasthā madhye tiṣṭhanti rājasāḥ ,
jaghanyaguṇasaṁyuktā yāntyadhastāmasā janāḥ.

10. ūrdhvam gacchanti sattvasthā madhye tiṣṭhanti
rājasāḥ jaghanyaguṇasaṁyuktā yānti adhaḥ tāmasā janāḥ

10. sattvasthā ūrdhvam gacchanti rājasāḥ madhye tiṣṭhanti
jaghanyaguṇasaṁyuktā tāmasā janāḥ adhaḥ yānti

10. Those established in the quality of purity (sattva) ascend upwards; those dominated by the quality of passion (rajas) remain in the middle. People endowed with the lowest quality (tamas) descend downwards.

Words meanings summery:

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards (upwards, aloft, above)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they ascend (they go, they walk, they proceed)

• सत्त्वस्था (sattvasthā) - those established in purity (sattva) (established in sattva, abiding in purity)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle (in the middle, in between)

• तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they remain (they stand, they remain, they abide)

• राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - those dominated by passion (rajas) (those pertaining to rajas, passionate people, rājasic ones)

• जघन्यगुणसंयुक्ता (jaghanyaguṇasaṁyuktā) - endowed with the lowest quality (associated with the lowest quality, endowed with inferior attributes)

• यान्ति (yānti) - they descend (they go, they proceed, they move)

• अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards (downwards, below, underneath)

• तामसा (tāmasā) - people dominated by ignorance (tamas) (those pertaining to tamas, ignorant people, tāmasic ones)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons, mankind)

Words meanings and morphology

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards (upwards, aloft, above)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they ascend (they go, they walk, they proceed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

present active

Present stem gaccha-.

Root: gam (class 1)

सत्त्वस्था (sattvasthā) - those established in purity (sattva) (established in sattva, abiding in purity)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sattvastha

sattvastha - abiding in sattva, established in goodness/purity

Compound. sattva (purity) + stha (standing, abiding).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sattva+stha)

• sattva – essence, existence, reality, being, the quality of purity, goodness (one of the three guṇas)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated in
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun here ("those who are...").

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle (in the middle, in between)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of locative case.

तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they remain (they stand, they remain, they abide)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

present active

Present stem tiṣṭha-.

Root: sthā (class 1)

राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - those dominated by passion (rajas) (those pertaining to rajas, passionate people, rājasic ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājasa

rājasa - pertaining to rajas, passionate, active, excitable

Derived from rajas (passion, activity) + a (suffix).

Note: Functions as a noun here.

जघन्यगुणसंयुक्ता (jaghanyaguṇasaṁyuktā) - endowed with the lowest quality (associated with the lowest quality, endowed with inferior attributes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jaghanyaguṇasaṁyukta

jaghanyaguṇasaṁyukta - united with/joined with the lowest quality/attribute

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaghanya+guṇa+saṁyukta)

• jaghanya – lowest, last, worst, inferior
  adjective
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent (like sattva, rajas, tamas)
  noun (masculine)
• saṁyukta – joined, connected, endowed with, united with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From saṁ-yuj (to join, connect).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with janāḥ.

यान्ति (yānti) - they descend (they go, they proceed, they move)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

present active

Present stem yā-.

Root: yā (class 2)

अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards (downwards, below, underneath)

(indeclinable)

तामसा (tāmasā) - people dominated by ignorance (tamas) (those pertaining to tamas, ignorant people, tāmasic ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāmasa

tāmasa - pertaining to tamas, dark, ignorant, deluded

Derived from tamas (darkness, ignorance) + a (suffix).

Note: Agrees with janāḥ.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons, mankind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - man, person, people, creature

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)