महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-9, verse-9

ततः परासून्खादन्तं सृगालं वानरोऽब्रवीत् ।
श्मशानमध्ये संप्रेक्ष्य पूर्वजातिमनुस्मरन् ॥९॥

9. tataḥ parāsūnkhādantaṁ sṛgālaṁ vānaro'bravīt ,
śmaśānamadhye saṁprekṣya pūrvajātimanusmaran.

9. tataḥ parāsūn khādantam sṛgālaḥ vānaraḥ abravīt
śmaśānamadhye samprekṣya pūrvajātīm anusmaran

9. vānaraḥ śmaśānamadhye parāsūn khādantam sṛgālam
samprekṣya pūrvajātīm anusmaran tataḥ abravīt

9. Then, seeing a jackal eating corpses in the middle of a cremation ground, a monkey, remembering its previous birth, spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that, thereafter

• परासून् (parāsūn) - corpses, dead bodies, lifeless ones

• खादन्तम् (khādantam) - eating, devouring

• सृगालः (sṛgālaḥ) - jackal

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• श्मशानमध्ये (śmaśānamadhye) - in the middle of a cremation ground, in a cemetery

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, observing

• पूर्वजातीम् (pūrvajātīm) - previous birth, former existence

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recalling

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Avyaya (indeclinable), ending in -tas suffix, indicating 'from there' or 'then'.

परासून् (parāsūn) - corpses, dead bodies, lifeless ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parāsu

parāsu - lifeless, dead, a corpse

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (para+asu)

• para – gone, beyond, lost
  adjective
• asu – breath, life
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound "parāsu" means "life gone". Used here as a noun meaning "corpses".

खादन्तम् (khādantam) - eating, devouring

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khādat

khādat - eating, devouring

Present Active Participle

derived from root √khād (class 1) + śatṛ suffix

Root: khād (class 1)

Note: Qualifies "sṛgālam".

सृगालः (sṛgālaḥ) - jackal

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sṛgāla

sṛgāla - jackal

Note: Subject of the verb "abravīt" (implicitly through its participle form "khādantam").

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - monkey

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey

Note: Subject of the verb "abravīt".

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

root √brū (class 2) in imperfect 3rd person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The past tense form of √brū.

श्मशानमध्ये (śmaśānamadhye) - in the middle of a cremation ground, in a cemetery

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śmaśānamadhya

śmaśānamadhya - middle of a cremation ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śmaśāna+madhya)

• śmaśāna – cremation ground, cemetery
  noun (neuter)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: Locative case of the compound.

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen well, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

root √īkṣ (class 1) with upasargas sam- and pra-, and suffix -ya

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive verb form.

पूर्वजातीम् (pūrvajātīm) - previous birth, former existence

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrvajāti

pūrvajāti - previous birth, former existence

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+jāti)

• pūrva – previous, former, prior
  adjective
• jāti – birth, species, existence
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan

Note: Object of "anusmaran".

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recalling

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarat

anusmarat - remembering, recalling

Present Active Participle

root √smṛ (class 1) with upasarga anu-, and suffix śatṛ

Prefix: anu

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies "vānaraḥ".

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