महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-9, verse-23

इतो दत्तेन जीवन्ति देवताः पितरस्तथा ।
तस्माद्दानानि देयानि ब्राह्मणेभ्यो विजानता ॥२३॥

23. ito dattena jīvanti devatāḥ pitarastathā ,
tasmāddānāni deyāni brāhmaṇebhyo vijānatā.

23. itaḥ dattena jīvanti devatāḥ pitaraḥ tathā
tasmāt dānāni deyāni brāhmaṇebhyaḥ vijānatā

23. itaḥ dattena devatāḥ tathā pitaraḥ jīvanti
tasmāt vijānatā brāhmaṇebhyaḥ dānāni deyāni

23. From what is given here, the gods and ancestors (pitara) subsist. Therefore, a discerning person should give donations (dāna) to brahmins.

Words meanings summery:

• इतः (itaḥ) - From gifts given in this world. (from here, from this, hence)

• दत्तेन (dattena) - by the gift, by what is given

• जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - they live, they subsist

• देवताः (devatāḥ) - gods, deities

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors, forefathers

• तथा (tathā) - and, also, similarly

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, donations

• देयानि (deyāni) - should be given, ought to be given

• ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to brahmins

• विजानता (vijānatā) - By a wise or knowledgeable person. (by one who knows, by a discerning person)

Words meanings and morphology

इतः (itaḥ) - From gifts given in this world. (from here, from this, hence)

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverbial suffix -tas.

दत्तेन (dattena) - by the gift, by what is given

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented; a gift, donation

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'dā' (to give) with suffix -ta.

Root: dā (class 3)

जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - they live, they subsist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

देवताः (devatāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - divinity, a god, a deity

Derived from 'deva' (god).

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - ancestors, forefathers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father; ancestors, forefathers, manes

तथा (tathā) - and, also, similarly

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of 'tad' (that), used adverbially.

दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, donations

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dāna

dāna - giving, donation, gift, liberality

Derived from root 'dā' (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

देयानि (deyāni) - should be given, ought to be given

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of deya

deya - to be given, due, suitable for donation

Gerundive

Formed from root 'dā' with the suffix -ya.

Root: dā (class 3)

ब्राह्मणेभ्यः (brāhmaṇebhyaḥ) - to brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class; related to Brahman or sacred knowledge

Derived from 'brahman'.

विजानता (vijānatā) - By a wise or knowledgeable person. (by one who knows, by a discerning person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vijānat

vijānat - knowing, understanding, discerning, wise

Present Active Participle

Formed from root 'jñā' (to know) with upasarga 'vi' and suffix -at.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)