महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-9, verse-5

अत्रैतद्वचनं प्राहुर्धर्मशास्त्रविदो जनाः ।
निशम्य भरतश्रेष्ठ बुद्ध्या परमयुक्तया ॥५॥

5. atraitadvacanaṁ prāhurdharmaśāstravido janāḥ ,
niśamya bharataśreṣṭha buddhyā paramayuktayā.

5. atra etat vacanam prāhuḥ dharmaśāstravidaḥ janāḥ
niśamya bharataśreṣṭha buddhyā parama-yuktayā

5. bharataśreṣṭha atra dharmaśāstravidaḥ janāḥ etat
vacanam parama-yuktayā buddhyā niśamya prāhuḥ

5. Here, O best of Bharatas, people who are experts in the texts of natural law (dharmaśāstra) speak this statement, having understood it with a supremely discerning intellect.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, speech, statement)

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they speak (they say, they speak)

• धर्मशास्त्रविदः (dharmaśāstravidaḥ) - experts in the texts of natural law (experts in dharmaśāstra)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons)

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having understood (having heard, having perceived, having understood)

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intellect, by means of understanding

• परम-युक्तया (parama-yuktayā) - supremely discerning (endowed with the highest, supremely connected/discerning)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - statement (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, saying, word, speech, statement

Derived from verb root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they speak (they say, they speak)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-ah

Perfect 3rd plural

From root ah (to say) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

धर्मशास्त्रविदः (dharmaśāstravidaḥ) - experts in the texts of natural law (experts in dharmaśāstra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmaśāstravid

dharmaśāstravid - one who knows the dharmaśāstra, expert in sacred law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharmaśāstra+vid)

• dharmaśāstra – texts on dharma, legal treatises, sacred law books
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knowing, wise, learned person
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vid- (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Compound of dharmaśāstra (sacred law treatises) and vid (knower).

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - man, person, creature, people

निशम्य (niśamya) - having understood (having heard, having perceived, having understood)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root śam (to hear) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient king
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Vocative case.

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - with intellect, by means of understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, reason

From root budh (to know, perceive)

Root: budh (class 1)

परम-युक्तया (parama-yuktayā) - supremely discerning (endowed with the highest, supremely connected/discerning)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of parama-yukta

parama-yukta - supremely endowed, perfectly connected, greatly discerning

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+yukta)

• parama – highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (feminine)
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed, fit, appropriate, discerning
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj- (to join, connect, yoke)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Adjective modifying buddhyā.