महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-9, verse-8

तौ सखायौ पुरा ह्यास्तां मानुषत्वे परंतप ।
अन्यां योनिं समापन्नौ सार्गालीं वानरीं तथा ॥८॥

8. tau sakhāyau purā hyāstāṁ mānuṣatve paraṁtapa ,
anyāṁ yoniṁ samāpannau sārgālīṁ vānarīṁ tathā.

8. tau sakhāyau purā hi āstām mānuṣatve paraṃtapa
anyām yonim samāpannau sārgālīm vānarīm tathā

8. paraṃtapa tau sakhāyau purā hi mānuṣatve āstām
tathā anyām sārgālīm vānarīm yonim samāpannau

8. Indeed, those two were friends in their human state (mānuṣatva) in the past, O scorcher of foes. Subsequently, they attained other forms of existence (yoni), specifically as a jackal and a monkey.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two (those two (masculine nominative dual))

• सखायौ (sakhāyau) - friends (two friends)

• पुरा (purā) - in the past (formerly, in ancient times, in the past)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• आस्ताम् (āstām) - they were (they two were)

• मानुषत्वे (mānuṣatve) - in their human state (mānuṣatva) (in the state of humanity, in human nature)

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes

• अन्याम् (anyām) - other (another, different (feminine accusative singular))

• योनिम् (yonim) - forms of existence (yoni) (womb, origin, source, species, form of existence)

• समापन्नौ (samāpannau) - they attained (having obtained, having reached, having entered)

• सार्गालीम् (sārgālīm) - specifically as a jackal (jackal-like, belonging to a jackal (feminine accusative singular))

• वानरीम् (vānarīm) - and a monkey (monkey-like, belonging to a monkey (feminine accusative singular))

• तथा (tathā) - specifically, in like manner (thus, so, in like manner)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two (those two (masculine nominative dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the jackal and monkey mentioned in the previous verse.

सखायौ (sakhāyau) - friends (two friends)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

पुरा (purā) - in the past (formerly, in ancient times, in the past)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

आस्ताम् (āstām) - they were (they two were)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect 3rd dual

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

मानुषत्वे (mānuṣatve) - in their human state (mānuṣatva) (in the state of humanity, in human nature)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mānuṣatva

mānuṣatva - humanity, state of being human

Derived from mānuṣa (human) + tva (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Locative case, indicating "in the state of."

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies (epithet for a warrior/king)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – other, enemy
  pronoun (masculine)
• tapa – heating, tormenting, scorcher
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for the listener, here in vocative.

अन्याम् (anyām) - other (another, different (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anya

anya - other, different

Note: Adjective modifying yonim.

योनिम् (yonim) - forms of existence (yoni) (womb, origin, source, species, form of existence)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yoni

yoni - womb, origin, source, birth, species, realm of existence

Note: Object of samāpannau.

समापन्नौ (samāpannau) - they attained (having obtained, having reached, having entered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sam-ā-pad

sam-ā-pad - to attain, to reach, to fall into

Past Passive Participle

From root pad (to go) with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Functions adjectivally with tau sakhāyau.

सार्गालीम् (sārgālīm) - specifically as a jackal (jackal-like, belonging to a jackal (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sārgālī

sārgālī - pertaining to a jackal, jackal-like (feminine)

Derived from sṛgāla (jackal)

Note: Adjective modifying yonim.

वानरीम् (vānarīm) - and a monkey (monkey-like, belonging to a monkey (feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vānarī

vānarī - pertaining to a monkey, monkey-like (feminine)

Derived from vānara (monkey)

Note: Adjective modifying yonim.

तथा (tathā) - specifically, in like manner (thus, so, in like manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to connect the two types of yoni or simply to indicate "thus, as follows."