महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-9, verse-13

इत्येतद्ब्रुवतो राजन्ब्राह्मणस्य मया श्रुतम् ।
कथां कथयतः पुण्यां धर्मज्ञस्य पुरातनीम् ॥१३॥

13. ityetadbruvato rājanbrāhmaṇasya mayā śrutam ,
kathāṁ kathayataḥ puṇyāṁ dharmajñasya purātanīm.

13. iti etat bruvataḥ rājan brāhmaṇasya mayā śrutam
kathām kathayataḥ puṇyām dharmajñasya purātanīm

13. rājan,
mayā iti etat śrutam,
bruvataḥ dharmajñasya brāhmaṇasya puṇyām purātanīm kathām kathayataḥ

13. O King, I heard this from that brahmin, a knower of (dharma), who was narrating a sacred, ancient story.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, marking direct speech

• एतत् (etat) - this (statement/story) (this, this one)

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - from the brahmin who was speaking (of one speaking, from one speaking)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of that brahmin mentioned or implied (of the brahmin)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - was heard (by me) (heard, listened)

• कथाम् (kathām) - a sacred, ancient story (story, tale, narrative)

• कथयतः (kathayataḥ) - from the brahmin who was narrating (of one narrating, from one narrating)

• पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - sacred (story) (sacred, meritorious, virtuous)

• धर्मज्ञस्य (dharmajñasya) - of one who knows (dharma), of a righteous person

• पुरातनीम् (purātanīm) - ancient (story) (ancient, old, primeval)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, marking direct speech

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (statement/story) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Acts as an adjective here, referring to the 'heard thing'.

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - from the brahmin who was speaking (of one speaking, from one speaking)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, telling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √bru (to speak), 2nd class verb.

Root: bru (class 2)

Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇasya.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of that brahmin mentioned or implied (of the brahmin)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a priest, one belonging to the priestly class

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - was heard (by me) (heard, listened)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, revealed (as in śruti)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śru (to hear), 5th class verb.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'etat'.

कथाम् (kathām) - a sacred, ancient story (story, tale, narrative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative

Note: Object of 'kathayataḥ'.

कथयतः (kathayataḥ) - from the brahmin who was narrating (of one narrating, from one narrating)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kathayat

kathayat - narrating, telling

Present Active Participle

Derived from the causative stem of root √kath (to speak, tell), 10th class verb.

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇasya.

पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - sacred (story) (sacred, meritorious, virtuous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - sacred, holy, meritorious, virtuous, auspicious

Note: Agrees with kathām.

धर्मज्ञस्य (dharmajñasya) - of one who knows (dharma), of a righteous person

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of (dharma), one who understands righteousness, ethical principles, or natural law

Compound of dharma and jña (knower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to support, sustain).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From root √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with brāhmaṇasya.

पुरातनीम् (purātanīm) - ancient (story) (ancient, old, primeval)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purātanī

purātanī - ancient, old, primeval

Feminine form of purātana.

Note: Agrees with kathām.