महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-9, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणानां तु ये लोके प्रतिश्रुत्य पितामह ।
न प्रयच्छन्ति मोहात्ते के भवन्ति महामते ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
brāhmaṇānāṁ tu ye loke pratiśrutya pitāmaha ,
na prayacchanti mohātte ke bhavanti mahāmate.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca brāhmaṇānām tu ye loke pratiśrutya
pitāmaha na prayacchanti mohāt te ke bhavanti mahāmate

1. pitāmaha mahāmate ye tu loke brāhmaṇānām
pratiśrutya mohāt na prayacchanti te ke bhavanti

1. Yudhishthira said: "O Grandfather, O great-minded one, what becomes of those in this world who, having promised to brahmins, do not give due to delusion?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of brahmins, pertaining to brahmins

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in this realm

• प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having promised, having agreed

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O Grandfather)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they give, they offer

• मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, due to ignorance

• ते (te) - Refers to those who do not give. (they)

• के (ke) - Asking about their fate or consequence. (what, who)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• महामते (mahāmate) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O great-minded one)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (a name meaning 'firm in battle')

Compound of yudhi (in battle) and sthira (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense (Liṭ) 3rd person singular active of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of brahmins, pertaining to brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin (member of the priestly class), related to Brahman

Derived from brahman (Vedic text, sacred knowledge, priest, ultimate reality).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

लोके (loke) - in the world, in this realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Root: lok (class 10)

प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having promised, having agreed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root śru with upasarga prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: śru (class 5)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father)

Compound meaning 'father's father'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रयच्छन्ति (prayacchanti) - they give, they offer

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of pra-yam

Present Active

Present tense (Laṭ) 3rd person plural active of root yam with upasarga pra. The stem 'yaccha' is used for present tense.

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: The stem for present tense is 'yaccha'.

मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, due to ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, illusion, infatuation, ignorance

From root muh (to be bewildered).

Root: muh (class 4)

ते (te) - Refers to those who do not give. (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

के (ke) - Asking about their fate or consequence. (what, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of bhū

Present Active

Present tense (Laṭ) 3rd person plural active of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

महामते (mahāmate) - Addressed to Bhishma. (O great-minded one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmat

mahāmat - great-minded, intelligent, noble

Bahuvrīhi compound of mahā (great) and mati (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+mati)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• mati – mind, intelligence, thought
  noun (feminine)
  From root man (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Declines like a noun ending in -mat.